This study will aim to compare ankylosing spondylitis (AS) participants with abnormal modified Schober index (AMSI) versus AS participants with normal modified Schober index (NMSI) in pain, morning stiffness, balance, kinesiophobia and the fear of falling. In addition, the investigators will aim to determine which demographic characteristics and variables predispose AMSI to occur
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), a common type of spondyloarthropathy, is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects spinal joints, and adjacent soft tissues such as sacroiliac joints, tendons, and entheses (1). Inflammation of the spinal structures and progressive changes in the surrounding tissue is largely responsible for decreased physical function and mobility in participants with AS (2). It is unknown how these parameters of AS participants with AMSI (smaller than 5 cm) are affected compared to AS participants with normal modified Schober index (NMSI, bigger than 5 cm). In addition, it is unclear which demographic characteristics and variables predispose AMSI to occur. This study will aim to compare AS participants with abnormal modified Schober index (AMSI) versus AS participants with normal modified Schober index (NMSI) in pain, morning stiffness, balance, kinesiophobia and the fear of falling. In addition, the investigators will aim to determine which demographic characteristics and variables predispose AMSI to occur
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
100
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Health Science, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
Hatay, Alahan, Turkey (Türkiye)
Modified Schober Index
The measurement of the MSI starts with the subject in an upright posture. After being determined the posterior superior iliac spines, a horizontal line is drawn at the center of both posterior superior iliac spines. Ten cm above and five cm below the first line are marked. The distance between the top and bottom line is remeasured after the patient attempts to flex forward as far as possible while keeping the knees straight
Time frame: at baseline
Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI)
The BASMI is evulated quantify the mobility of the axial skeleton and includes assessments of lateral lumbar flexion, tragus-to-wall distance, lumbar flexion, intermalleolar distance, and cervical rotation. Each measure is assigned a score of 0 to 2 with the higher score indicating greater impairment in mobility
Time frame: at baseline
Timed up and go test
It aims to assess mobility and balance. It measures the time in seconds for a subject to stand up from an armchair, walk 3 m, turn, walk back to the chair, and sit down
Time frame: at baseline
tandem stance test
For the tandem stance test, patients stand holding onto a railing while placing one foot in front of the other. The researcher standing behind the patient starts timing when the patient's contact with the railing is released. It is recorded for 30 seconds or until participants contact external support or move out of tandem stance
Time frame: At baseline
Falls Efficacy Scale-International
The FES-I consists of 16 questions questioning how confident patients are in performing activities without falling. According to the answers, each question is scored between 1 and 4 (1 = not at all concerned, 4 = very concerned), and a higher score is associated with a greater fear of falling
Time frame: At baseline
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Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia
The TSK contains 17 questions which measures fear of movement and/or reinjury. The scale uses 4-point Likert scoring (1 = entirely disagree, 4 = entirely agree). A total score ranges from 11 to 44 points and a cut-off point was determined as ≥37 points indicate a high kinesiophobia level
Time frame: At baseline
functional reach test
For the functional reach test, the patient is asked to stand erect with feet separated from each other in a comfortable position and reach the farthest distance without touching the wall or without taking a step. The difference in the distance between the starting point and the endpoint is recorded in cm.
Time frame: At baseline
30-second chair sit-to-stand test
The proximal muscle strength and endurance of the lower extremities assessed by the 30-second chair sit-to-stand. The patients is seated in an armless chair with their back straight, arms crossed in front of the chest, and feet approximately a shoulder width apart and placed on the floor. Then patients are instructed to fully sit between each stand.
Time frame: At baseline
single leg stance test
For the SLST is performed by standing on one leg (eyes open) barefoot for 20 seconds, the other knee flexed without touching the other leg, with arms are crossed. The test will be repeated thrice on each foot, and the average time will be used for analysis.
Time frame: At baseline
finger-to-floor distance measure
For finger-to-floor distance (FFD), the subject is asked to perform maximal lumbar flexion while keeping the knees extend. After which, the distance between the right middle finger and the floor is measured using a tape measure
Time frame: At baseline
Visual Analogue Scale
Pain scores of the patients at night, at rest, and during activity are measured using visual analogue scale (VAS). (0-10 mm; 0 indicates no pain and 10 indicates severe pain)
Time frame: At baseline