The study aims to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of the traditional and computerized home-based visual-motor training programs on at-risk kindergarteners.
The purpose of this project is to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of home-based traditional visual-motor activities and tablet games on fine motor, visual perception, visuo-motor integration, handwriting performance, and adaptive behaviors of at-risk kindergarteners. At-risk kindergarteners will be randomized into the three groups: control, traditional, and tablet groups. In addition to regular early intervention, children in the traditional and tablet group will receive home-based visuo-motor training program with their parents. Children in the control group will only receive regular intervention during the study period.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
150
Traditional visual-motor program includes play and paper-and-pencil activities
Computerized visual-motor training program includes tablet visual-motor games
the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-Fourth Edition (TVPS-4)
the change of visual-perceptual skills
Time frame: baseline, after 12 weeks
the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2)
the change of fine motor skills
Time frame: baseline, after 12 weeks
the Chinese Handwriting Test
the change of the Chinese handwriting performance
Time frame: baseline, after 12 weeks
The Berry-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration- Forth Edition (VMI)
the change of VMI
Time frame: baseline, after 12 weeks
the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales - Third Edition - Chinese Version (VABS-3-C) (Parents/Caregivers Edition)adaptive behavior
the change of adaptive behavior
Time frame: baseline, after 12 weeks
the test of Visual Perception of Chinese Characters
The change of visual perception of Chinese characters
Time frame: baseline, after 12 weeks
the Game Questionnaire
The questionnaire is designed to measure the difficulty, participation, and liking level of playing the training games using 5-point Likert scale from parental view after the completion of the games.
Time frame: through study completion, an average of one week
Parental Feedback Questionnaire
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The questionnaire consists of a few open-ended questions which are designed to realize parental experience of participating the home-based visual-motor training program.
Time frame: after 12 weeks