Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Neuromodulation in Anterior Cruciate Reconstruction

Universidad Europea de Madrid70 enrolled

Overview

The objective of the study is to demonstrate the efficacy of the ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation technique in the femoral nerve in patients who underwent surgery for the anterior cruciate ligament.

After being informed about the study and the potential risks, all subjects who accept the study and give their informed consent in writing, the subjects will participate in a randomized, longitudinal and prospective clinical trial divided into two groups (control group and experimental group) with the main objective of demonstrating that the ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation technique is effective for the treatment of pain in subjects undergoing surgery for the anterior cruciate ligament. Subjects belonging to the control group will perform a physiotherapy protocol and those belonging to the experimental group will undergo two interventions of the ultrasound-guided percutaneous neuromodulation technique combined with the physiotherapy protocol. The same number of measurements will be performed on all subjects.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

DOUBLE

Enrollment

Conditions

ACL Injury

Interventions

Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous NeuromodulationOTHER

Ultrasound guided percutaneous neuromodulation in femoral nerve. Patients were placed in supine lying with the anterior aspect of the hip uncovered. The intervention consisted of the application of a biphasic square wave electric current, with a frequency of 2 Hz, a phase duration of 250μs, and a maximum tolerable intensity to cause an exacerbated muscle contraction for 15minutes in total

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 55 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: * Subjects aged between 18 and 55 years who have undergone surgery for an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in a period of time between 2 and 6 weeks of evolution with or without meniscal injury (meniscal regularization / meniscal suture / meniscectomy, etc.). * have pain or loss of sensitivity in the operated knee and that they have signed the informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Subjects with chronic joint disease; prosthesis or osteosynthesis in the intervention area, as well as heart disease, neoplasia and coagulopathy. * Subjects consuming analgesics. * Subjects with belonephobia or insurmountable fear of needles * History of lumbar pathology (lumbar hernia/protrusion) due to possible involvement of the lumbar plexus. * Subjects with a history of neurological or orthopedic disorders * Subjects with bilateral symptoms. * Subjects with epilepsy, pacemaker or pregnant.

Locations (1)

Julio José Caballero López

Madrid, Spain

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Changes in pain through the visual analogue scale in 12 weeks

It allows pain intensity to be measured with maximum reproducibility between observers. It consists of a horizontal line of 10 centimeters, at whose ends are the extreme expressions of a symptom. Absence or less intensity is located on the left and greater intensity on the right. The patient is asked to mark the point on the line that indicates the intensity and it is measured with a millimeter ruler. This variable will be measured with a numerical value from 1 to 10.

Time frame: Before treatment, immediately after treatment. Before treatment at week 1 after the first measurement, immediately after treatment at week 1 after the first measurement. Week 4 from the first measurement. Week 12 from the first measurement,

Secondary Outcomes

Changes in DN4 scale en 12 weeks

The DN4 questionnaire consists of a total of 10 items grouped into 4 sections. The first seven elements are related to the quality of pain (burning, painful cold, electric shocks) and its association with abnormal sensations (pins and needles, tingling, numbness, itching). The other 3 items are related to the neurological examination in the painful area (tactile hypoesthesia, pinprick hypoesthesia, tactile allodynia). A score of 1 is given to each positive element and a score of 0 to each negative element. The total score is calculated as the sum of the 10 items and the cut-off value for the diagnosis of neuropathic pain is a total score of 4/10. This variable will be measured with a numerical value from 1 to 10.

Time frame: Before treatment / intervention and week 12.

Changes in LEFS scale in 12 weeks

measure the patient's baseline function, ongoing progress, and functional outcomes. This scale consists of 20 items, and the final score must be between 0 and 80. Items are rated on a 5-point scale, from 0 (extreme difficulty/ inability to perform the activity) to 4 (no difficulty). This variable will be measured with a numerical value from 1 to 80.

Time frame: Before treatment / intervention and week 12.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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Changes in pressure pain threshold in 12 weeks

Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was assessed with an analog algometer. One point on the epicondyle and five points on both knees (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, patellar tendon, quadriceps tendon, and hamstring) were evaluated. PPT points: (1) 10 cm lateral to the midpoint of the superior border of the patella; (2) 3 cm medial to the midpoint of the superior border of the patella; (3) midway between the inferior border of the patella and the tibial tuberosity; (4) 3 cm proximal to the superior border of the patella; and (5) 3 cm medial to the tibial tuberosity, at the insertion of pes anserinus. When the individual reported a change in the sensation of pressure, the value indicated on the algometer was recorded. The subject did not receive information about the values obtained. This variable will be reflected with numerical values. The PPT is expressed in kg/m\^2 and was measured with an analog algometer.

Changes in heart rate variability in 12 weeks

The intervals between successive heartbeats (RR intervals) 2 (HRV) domains to detect changes in HRV Time domain (non-spectral): average RR intervals (ms); RMSSD (ms): the square root of the mean value of the sum of the squared differences of all successive R-R intervals; LRMSSD (ms): logarithm of the square root of the mean value of the sum of the squared differences of all successive R-R intervals: SDNN (ms): the standard deviation of the interval between beats from which artifacts were removed (NN); and PNN50: the percentage of differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals of more than 50 ms. Frequency domain / spectral measurements (spectral) (HF) and (LF) (ms). minimum, maximum and average heart rate. The subject will be seated for a period of two minutes and thirty seconds. The data will be collected with the BERRY KING HEARTBEAT 2 heart rate meter, and the data will be record.This variable will be reflected with numerical values.