In this study the investigators will explore whether the motion during sleep of people with diabetes changes as a function of the blood glucose levels. The motion will be assessed with a radar sensor, a thermal camera, and wrist worn smartwatches. Additionally, participants will answer a short daily questionnaire. Data will be collected for 10 days and analyzed at the end of the study.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
37
Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital Bern, University and University Hospital Bern
Bern, Switzerland
Area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUROC) in detecting nocturnal level 1 hypoglycemia based on motion data obtained by radar signals
Level 1: glucose \< 3.9 mmol/L Motion data obtained from radar signals
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor (CGM), up to 10 days
Correlation coefficient between nocturnal glucose levels and motion
Nocturnal glucose will be measured with a CGM and motion will be measured with the radar signal as average dispersion index across all range bins in the range-doppler map
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Correlation coefficient between nocturnal glucose levels and motion
Nocturnal glucose will be measured with a CGM and motion will be measured with the radar signal as the average of detected points in the 3D point cloud from the radar sensor
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Correlation coefficient between nocturnal glucose levels and physiological data
Nocturnal glucose will be measured with a CGM and physiological data, i.e., heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, will be gathered from smartwatches.
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Correlation coefficient between nocturnal glucose levels and physiological data and radar data
Nocturnal glucose will be measured with a CGM and physiological data, i.e., heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, will be gathered from smartwatches. Motion will be measured with the radar signal as the average dispersion index across all range bins in the range-doppler map or the average of detected points in the 3D point cloud from the radar sensor
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Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Time spent in euglycemia
Glucose will be measured with a CGM. Euglycemia is defined as 4.0 - 10.0 mmol/L. The time will be illustrated as percent of CGM measurements within this range.
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Time spent below 3.9 mmol/L
Glucose will be measured with a CGM. The time will be illustrated as percent of CGM measurements.
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Time spent below 3.0 mmol/L
Glucose will be measured with a CGM. The time will be illustrated as percent of CGM measurements.
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Time spent above 10.0 mmol/L
Glucose will be measured with a CGM. The time will be illustrated as percent of CGM measurements.
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Time spent above 13.9 mmol/L
Glucose will be measured with a CGM. The time will be illustrated as percent of CGM measurements.
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Course of nocturnal glucose levels
Glucose will be measured with a CGM in mmol/L
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Course of nocturnal motion according to thermal camera measurements
Glucose will be measured with a CGM and thermal camera measurements
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Course of nocturnal hypoglycemia symptoms according to thermal camera measurements and/or physiological data
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Glucose level at start of hyperglycemia symptoms
Measured by CGM
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
Glucose level at start of hypoglycemia symptoms
Measured by CGM
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
AUROC in detecting nocturnal hyperglycemia based on motion data (radar signals)
Glucose \> 10.0 mmol/L
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
AUROC in detecting nocturnal level 2 hypoglycemia based on motion data
Glucose \< 3 mmol/L Motion data extracted from radar signals
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
AUROC in detecting nocturnal hyperglycemia, nocturnal level 1 and level 2 hypoglycemia based on motion data, physiological data, and Artificial Intelligence
Level 1: glucose \< 3.9 mmol/L Level 2: glucose \< 3 mmol/L motion data extracted from radar signals
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
AUROC in classifying nocturnal dysglycemia symptoms based on motion data, physiological data, and Artificial Intelligence
Dysglycemia: \<4.0 and \>10.0 mmol/L Motion data extracted from radar signals
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days
AUROC in classifying motion patterns according to thermal camera measurements based on motion data, physiological data, and Artificial Intelligence
Motion data extracted from radar signals
Time frame: For the entire wear time of the diagnostic continuous glucose monitor, up to 10 days