Low Dose Radiation as Bridging Therapy in Relapsed B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Phase 1Active Not RecruitingNCT05621096

University of Nebraska33 enrolled

Overview

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn about treatment for people with B-cell lymphoma that did not respond to treatment or that has gotten worse after treatment. The aim of this trial is to answer the following questions: * If it is realistic to give people radiation treatment before they receive a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell treatment for their cancer * If it is safe to give people radiation treatment before they receive a CAR T-cell treatment for their cancer

This is a pilot study to evaluate the feasibility of low-dose radiation therapy in the bridging period between chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell collection, manufacturing, and infusion (vein-to-vein) in patients with relapsed and refractory aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Emerging cellular immunotherapies including CAR T-cell therapy have produced remarkable outcomes for this population. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) for the management of people with relapsed and refractory B-cell lymphoma. Unfortunately, many patients undergoing liso-cel infusion will suffer progression or relapse with devastating consequences. The object of this study is to identify a novel means to enhance liso-cel activity to improve overall outcomes. The investigators hypothesize that the addition of radiation therapy targeting selected sites as bridging therapy prior to lymphodepleting chemotherapy and liso-cel infusion will be effective at improving responses for patients with relapsed and refractory B-cell lymphoma. Results from this study will provide key justification to expand this therapeutic approach into a larger phase II clinical trial powered to examine the efficacy of this approach.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 19 Years

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Biopsy-proven relapsed or progressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), high-grade B-cell lymphoma, primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, grade 3B follicular lymphoma, or DLBCL arising from indolent lymphoma meeting an FDA-approved (Food and Drug Administration-approved) indication for liso-cel infusion 2. Presence of disease on imaging including at least one disease site safe for radiation as determined by treating radiation oncologist 3. Willingness to participate in clinical trial and provide informed consent 4. Adequate organ function as assessed by standard institution protocols and United States (US) prescribing information label for comorbidities, heart, and lung function to undergo FDA-approved CAR T-cell therapy as determined by institution 5. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2 6. Age 19 years or older, there is no upper limit to the age Exclusion Criteria: 1. Subject is unsafe for radiation therapy as determined by investigator and/or radiation oncologist 2. Diagnosis is primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (secondary CNS lymphoma with additional systemic site is allowed) 3. Requirement for concurrent high dose methotrexate 4. Secondary active malignancy that has not been in remission for at least 2 years. This excludes non-melanoma skin cancer, definitively treated stage 1 solid tumor with low risk or recurrence, and curatively treated localized prostate cancer. 5. Pregnant or nursing women 6. Uncontrolled medical, psychological, familial, sociological, or geographical conditions that do not permit compliance with the protocol, as determined by investigator 7. Unwillingness to follow procedures required in the protocol 8. Inadequate organ or hematologic conditions that prohibit the use of lymphodepleting chemotherapy 9. Use of lymphoma-directed therapy within 14 days of T-cell pheresis

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Feasibility of the intervention in the proposed study population

The percentage of subjects who receive a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell infusion after receiving bridging radiation therapy. A one-sided Binomial test will be conducted to assess whether acceptable percentage (\>70% vs \<70%) of patients receive CAR T-cell perfusion after undergoing the radiation therapy.

Time frame: Up to 90 days

Secondary Outcomes

Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events to assess the safety of the proposed intervention

Assessed via the incidence of combined Grade 3 and 4 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) events as measured by the American Society of Transplant and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) consensus grading. The grading scale ranges from Grade 1 to 4, with a higher grade indicating a worse outcome. Assessed from the cumulative CRS and ICANS events occurring by the D+30 visit.

Time frame: Up to 120 days

Evaluate the response to the study intervention of radiation and CAR T-cell therapy

Response rate will be assessed via PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography) using Lugano criteria. Overall response rate (ORR) will be defined as the proportion of patients with either a complete response (CR) or a partial response (PR) at D+100. For ORR, CR, and PR: two-sided exact binomial 95% confidence interval of response rate will be constructed to assess the precision of the point estimate.

Time frame: Up to 190 days

Evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) following the study intervention

PFS will be measured using the Kaplan-Meier method. Disease progression will be measured according to clinical and imaging assessment (Lugano criteria) and will require biopsy confirmation.

Time frame: Measured from first day of apheresis to death or disease progression, whichever comes first, up to two years

Evaluate duration of response (DOR) following CAR T-cell therapy

DOR will be summarized using the Kaplan-Meier method, but only for patients who have achieved a response of at least partial response. DOR is defined by time of first response (D+30 visit) to disease progression, start of new antineoplastic therapy due to efficacy concerns, or death from any cause.

Time frame: Up to 2 years

Evaluate overall survival (OS) following study intervention

OS will be analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Subjects alive at last follow up will be censored.

Time frame: Up to 2 years

Evaluate the rate of prolonged cytopenias following the intervention

The rate of prolonged cytopenias will be measured as a proportion of subjects with Grade 3 or higher hematologic toxicities per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 criteria at the D+100 visit. The 95% confidence interval will be estimated. The CTCAE v5.0 grading system ranges from Grade 0 to 5, with a higher grade indicating a worse outcome.

Time frame: Up to 190 days

Monitor overall safety and toxicity of the intervention

Toxicity will be graded using CTCAE v5.0 guidelines. Grade 3 or higher toxicities will be tabulated using percentages at each follow up. The Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0 grading system ranges from Grade 0 to 5, with a higher grade indicating a worse outcome.

Time frame: Up to 270 days

Monitor Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) toxicity events

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) toxicity events will be collected for all grades as measured by American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) consensus criteria. The ASTCT consensus criteria grading system ranges from Grade 1 to 4, with a higher grade indicating a worse outcome.