Immune and Inflammatory Indices in Peripheral Blood Predict Prognosis of Glioma and Correlate With Grades and Subtypes

Inclusion Criteria: * glioma grading and classification histologically verified in a resection or biopsy specimen according to 2016 WHO criteria; * age \> 18 years; * primary malignant glioma; * the duration of follow-up \> 3 months; * available data of lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, immune proteins and immune complements measured at the patient's first hospitalization. Exculsion Criteria: * current infectious disease, hyperpyrexia, hematological disease, diabetes mellitus, serious heart disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, severe renal or hepatic dysfunction, other cancer, autoimmune disease, inflammatory disease, or medication usage related to an inflammatory condition; * prior cancer-specific pretreatment, such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy;