Effects of Different Deflation Methods on Coughing Response and Hemodynamics During Extubation

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Elective endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia. 2. Operation time \< 3 h. 3. ASA grade I or II. 4. Age 18\~65 years old. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Throat and neck surgery. 2. Those assessed to have a high risk of reflux aspiration. 3. Difficulty intubation. 4. History of snoring before surgery. 5. Recent respiratory illness such as chronic cough. 6. Previous airway hyperresponsiveness, such as asthma. 7. recent use of cough suppressants. 8. Patients with severe heart, liver and kidney diseases.