It is widely believed that most of the patients experience a cough upon emergence from general anesthesia, due to many causes including the presence of an endotracheal tube, uncleared secretions and anesthetic gas. Cough during tracheal extubation may lead to several complications, such as hypertension, tachycardia and postoperative bleeding. In this study the investigators are going to compare the effectiveness of intravenous Dexmedetomidine and intravenous lidocaine in attenuating the air way reflexes and coughing during recovery of thyroidectomy patients.
Intubation and extubation process are associated with cardiovascular and various airway responses leading to tachycardia, hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, cough induction, bronchospasm, increased bleeding, increased intracranial and intraocular pressure. Causes possibly include the presence of an endotracheal tube, uncleared secretions, and anesthetic gas. Furthermore, postoperative bleeding in thyroid surgery is still significant and is often associated with severe complications including cervical hematoma, reoperation and cardiac arrest. Extubation under deep anesthesia decreases cardiovascular stimulation and reduces the incidence of coughing and straining on the tube. Intratracheal local anesthetic instillation, I.V lidocaine, short acting opioids such as fentanyl and remifentanil, esmolol, labetalol, diltiazem and verapamil have been used to attenuate these hemodynamic and respiratory responses during extubation in the past but with certain limitations. Also "no stimulation" extubation technique avoids extubation under light anesthesia and ensures extubation only when consciousness is returned. It requires absolutely no stimulation during emergence and performing extubation only when the patient wakes up spontaneously and opens his eyes. Recently dexmedetomidine, a potent α2-adrenoreceptor agonist has been used to facilitate extubation in surgical intensive care unit, but its role in the attenuation of hemodynamic and airway reflexes during extubation in general anesthesia is still under study. In this study the investigators are going to compare the effects of intravenous lidocaine and dexmedetomidine in inhibiting cough reflex during the recovery period after thyroid surgery.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
140
-In the Dexmedetomidine group, patients will be given IV bolus infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg over 10 min before induction of anesthesia, followed by a continuous IV infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/kg/hour until 30 min before the end of surgery.
In the Lidocaine group, the patients will be given an IV bolus infusion of lidocaine (2%)1.5mg/kg over 10 min before induction of anesthesia, followed by a continuous IV infusion of lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg /hour until 30 min before the end of surgery.
Ainshams University Hospitals
Cairo, Egypt
RECRUITINGcompare effectiveness of Dexmedetomidine and intravenous lidocaine in attenuating cough reflex during the tracheal extubation period after thyroid surgery
the investigators use the following cough score where 0 = no cough, 1 = minimal (single) cough, 2 = moderate (≤5 seconds) cough and 3 = severe (\>5 seconds) cough to reflect the degree of attenuation of air way reflexes for each group
Time frame: 5 minutes from extubation
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