Sarcopenia, according to EWGSOP2(European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People-2019), is a progressive and generalised skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. Changes in muscle strength and muscle mass that occur with aging are not only limited to the skeletal muscles surrounding the axial and appendicular skeleton, but also occur in the respiratory muscles. With aging, respiratory muscle strength decreases, muscle mass decreases, and respiratory functions decline. In sarcopenic individuals; maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and diaphragm muscle thickness values were found to be significantly lower. It is known that exercise is the most effective and valid way to treat sarcopenia. Considering the positive effects of IMT (Inspiratory Muscle Training) on both respiratory and physical parameters in the elderly population, we think that these changes can also be observed in sarcopenic individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on diaphragm thickness, inspiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity in sarcopenic individuals.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
20
A mechanical pressure threshold loading device (POWERbreathe, POWERbreathe International Ltd, UK) will be used for the training.
İstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Spor Hekimliği Anabilim Dalı
Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Maximal Inspiratory Pressure
Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) will be measured using an electronic mouth pressure device (Micro RPM). At least 3 repetitions will be performed and the measurement will be repeated until there is less than a 5% difference between the best and the second-best measurement.
Time frame: Eight weeks
Diaphragm Thickness Measurement at Quiet Breathing
Diaphragm thickness measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. Diaphragm thickness will be measured as the vertical distance between the pleural and peritoneal layer at quiet breathing. Measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 3 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Eight weeks
Diaphragm Thickness Measurement at Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Diaphragm thickness measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. Diaphragm thickness will be measured as the vertical distance between the pleural and peritoneal layer at Total Lung Capacity (TLC). Measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 3 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Eight weeks
Diaphragm Thickness Measurement at Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Diaphragm thickness measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. Diaphragm thickness will be measured as the vertical distance between the pleural and peritoneal layer at Functional Residual Capacity \[FRC\]. Measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 3 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in millimeters (mm).
Time frame: Eight weeks
Diaphragm Elastography Measurement at Quiet Breathing
Diaphragm elastography measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. The measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 2 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in kPa (kilopascal).
Time frame: Eight weeks
Diaphragm Elastography Measurement at Total Lung Capacity (TLC)
Diaphragm elastography measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. The measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 2 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in kPa (kilopascal).
Time frame: Eight weeks
Diaphragm Elastography Measurement at Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)
Diaphragm elastography measurement will be performed with the Toshiba Aplio 500 ultrasound device at Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine. The measurement will be performed on the right hemidiaphragm with the volunteer in the supine position. The measurement will be performed 2 times and the average value will be calculated. The value will be expressed in kPa (kilopascal).
Time frame: Eight weeks
Exercise Capacity Measurement
The exercise capacity of the participants will be evaluated with six-minute walk test (6MWT).
Time frame: Eight weeks
Pulmonary Function Test [Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)]
The pulmonary function test \[Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)\] will be performed with Spirobank Mir (SN A23-048) / Winspro v.3.1.1 open circuit spirometer.
Time frame: Eight weeks
Pulmonary Function Test [Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1)]
The pulmonary function test \[Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1)\] will be performed with Spirobank Mir (SN A23-048) / Winspro v.3.1.1 open circuit spirometer.
Time frame: Eight weeks
Pulmonary Function Test [Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)]
The pulmonary function test \[Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)\] will be performed with Spirobank Mir (SN A23-048) / Winspro v.3.1.1 open circuit spirometer.
Time frame: Eight weeks
Pulmonary Function Test [Forced expiratory flow 25-75 (FEF25-75%)]
The pulmonary function test \[Forced expiratory flow 25-75 (FEF25-75%)\] will be performed with Spirobank Mir (SN A23-048) / Winspro v.3.1.1 open circuit spirometer.
Time frame: Eight weeks
Assesment of Quality of Life
Participants' quality of life will be assessed by the Sarcopenia and Quality of Life (SarQoL) questionnaire. The highest score is 100 and a higher score indicates a better level of quality of life.
Time frame: Eight weeks
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