Longitudinal Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging Study

Overview

Scleroderma (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis (or collagen deposition) of the skin and internal organs. The extent of skin fibrosis is an important predictor of internal organ complications and increased mortality. Currently imprecise and subjective methods that varies amongst different doctors for the same patient are available to quantify skin fibrosis in patients, by "pinching" their skin and assessing how thick it is; this is the method used to determine the modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). Skin thickness and the amount of fibrosis can change over time due to disease progression or in response to therapy. In this research, longitudinal measurements will be taken to determine if spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) can detect changes in skin thickness that occur over time in response to therapy or from disease progression in scleroderma patients. This study will compare SFDI with other clinical outcome assessments of skin thickness and fibrosis in scleroderma patients including mRSS, skin biopsy histology, scleroderma skin patient reported outcome (SSPRO), ultrasound, and durometry (durometer measures skin hardness). SFDI information will also be compared with capillaroscopy (allows for non-invasive imaging of the nailfold capillaries) if available from the electronic medical record. If SFDI correlates well with other clinical outcome assessments, it may be used in the future as a rapid, non-invasive tool for monitoring disease activity in scleroderma patients.

The overall objective of this study is to determine if a light emitting diode (LED) -based SFDI instrument can be used to detect changes in skin thickness over time in SSc patients. Number of subjects: 60 patients with scleroderma and 32 control subjects without scleroderma Study procedures: All subjects will have 6 areas of the body, right and left fingers, hands, and forearms, measured with an LED-based SFDI instrument every 3 months for the first 12 months and then every 6 months through 36 months. The right and left upper arms of subjects may be measured with the SFDI instrument if subjects are able to comfortably extend their arms. All subjects will have the option to have blood collected for serum at baseline, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months to investigate serum biomarkers of fibrosis. An optional skin biopsy will be collected from all subjects at baseline, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months to evaluate histopathological skin changes. Skin biopsies will not be collected from pregnant or lactating subjects, from subjects with a history of an allergic reaction to a local anesthetic, or from subjects who are deemed by the study doctor to be at high risk of small tissue calcification. Scleroderma subjects will be asked to complete the SSPRO questionnaire at baseline and every 3 months for the first 12 months and then every 6 months through 36 months. Scleroderma subjects will have a mRSS performed at baseline and every 3 months for the first 12 months and then every 6 months through 36 months. All subjects will have durometry and ultrasound performed on the right and left forearms at baseline and every 3 months for the first 12 months and then every 6 months through 36 months. Secondary Objectives: * Assess how SFDI measurements correlate with other clinical measurements of skin thickness such as durometry, ultrasound, and mRSS * Assess how SFDI measurements correlate with clinical biochemical and histopathological assessments of skin changes in SSc.