This study aims to examine whether listening to natural sounds in a noisy outdoor environment compared to no natural sounds influences behavioural, cognitive, affective, and physiological markers.
The investigators hypothesize that listening to natural sounds has restorative effects on attention by supporting greater use of involuntary attention. This generates the prediction that exposure to natural sounds in the context of a noisy outdoor environment will have greater restorative effects on attention (i.e., physiological, affective, cognitive, and behavioural) as compared to the control group (exposed to environmental noise only). Individual differences (i.e., age, gender, caffeine and food intake, body mass index, skin temperature, noise sensitivity, sleep quality, baseline physiology and behavioural performance) will be examined and accounted for. Environmental factors (i.e., outdoor humidity, temperature, and noise) will also be accounted for.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
60
Masking sounds will be played from outdoor speakers.
No masking sounds will be played from outdoor speakers.
Cultural Science Innovations, Nanyang Technological University
Singapore, Singapore
RECRUITINGReverse Corsi Task (Change)
Change in Span and Reaction Time
Time frame: baseline and up to 60 mins after sound intervention
Go/NoGo Task (Change)
Change in Accuracy and Reaction Time
Time frame: baseline and up to 60 mins after sound intervention
Change in Heart Rate Variability
Electrocardiograph and photoplethysmograph (Change)
Time frame: 1 day (during fatiguing task and sound intervention)
Positive and Negative Affect Schedule - Expanded Form
Positive and Negative Affect Score
Time frame: up to 60 mins after sound intervention
Fatigue State Questionnaire (Change)
Change in Fatigue State Questionnaire Score
Time frame: baseline and up to 60 mins after sound intervention
Perceived Restorativeness Soundscape Scale
Perceived Restorativeness Soundscape Scale Score
Time frame: up to 60 mins after sound intervention
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