Impact of Flumazenil on the Emergence Delirium

Inclusion Criteria: * Adult patients aged 19 years or older undergoing surgery under general anesthesia Exclusion Criteria: * Peripheral nerve block or Neuraxial block * Uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) (systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥180 mmHg) * Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) (HbA1c ≥9.0%) * Hepatic dysfunction (Total bilirubin ≥3.0 mg/mL or Liver enzyme ≥Upper normal limit x 2.5) * Renal dysfunction (Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \<30 ml/min/1.73m2 or Dialysis) * Moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or Respiratory failure * Emergency * Hepatectomy or Liver transplantation * Intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use * Head trauma, Increased intracranial pressure, Craniotomy * Chronic use of benzodiazepines (BZDs) * Anxiety, Alcohol/Drug dependence, Addiction to tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) * Allergic reaction to BZDs, flumazenil, or other drugs used in general anesthesia * Severe allergy or Anaphylaxis history * Lactose-related genetic disorders * Myasthenia gravis or Myasthenia gravis syndrome * Myocardial infarction or Cerebrovascular events within 6 months * Symptomatic coronary artery disease * Organic brain disease * Cognitive impairment (Inability to understand informed consent)