This is cross-sectional study. By comparing kinematic analysis between stroke and healthy subjects in various directions, this investigation analyzes the compensatory kinematic movement for reaching task in stroke survivors
After Institutional Review Board approval, It recruits 2 groups. one group is elderly and another group is stroke survivors. the stroke group that meets the criteria. Another group is age matching of the stroke and not having an orthopedic or neurological disease. Participants of all the groups are assessed for kinematic by motion capture During reaching arm(affected side; stroke group, non-dominant side; healthy group) in 3 directions(medial\_45, forward\_90 and lateral\_135 degrees). Retroreflective markers are placed on 11 anatomical place (3th metacarpal joint, both acromion, elbow lateral and medial epicondyle, lateral and medial styloid process, xyphoid process, sternum, C7, T4). Participants reach to a bell as quickly as possible in three directions. The subject reach to a bell 5 times in each direction and assess clinical evaluation such as Fugl Meyer Assessment, Postural Assessment Scale, Modified Ashworth Scale, shoulder-elbow range of motion and Trunk Instability scale.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
96
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
Ulsan, Ulju, South Korea
Differences in Spatial Measurements of Trunk Dislocation Components During 3-directional Bell-reaching Task Between Healthy Subjects and Stroke Patients
Trunk dislocation (reaching phase in millimetre; mm) in reaching task. The measurements are detected in 3 directions (Forward\_90, Lateral\_135, Medial\_45 degree). Participants reach to a bell as quickly as possible. 3rd joint is calculated for quantitative measurements.
Time frame: 1 time (Baseline)
Differences in Spatial Measurements of Elbow and Shoulder Angle Components During 3-directional Bell-reaching Task Between Healthy Subjects and Stroke Patients
Elbow extension and shoulder flexion angle (degree) in reaching task. The measurements are detected in 3 directions (Forward\_90, Lateral\_135, Medial\_45 degree). Participants reach to a bell as quickly as possible. 3rd joint is calculated for quantitative measurements.
Time frame: 1 time (Baseline)
Differences in Temporal Measurements of Movement Unit Components During 3-directional Bell-reaching Task Between Healthy Subjects and Stroke Patients
Movement units are quantified by counting velocity peaks during the reaching task. A movement unit is defined as a velocity profile segment between a local minimum and the following maximum velocity that exceeds 20 mm/s, with a minimum time interval of 150 ms between subsequent peaks. This measure represents the smoothness of movement, where fewer movement units indicate smoother motion The measurements are detected in 3 directions (Forward\_90, Lateral\_135, Medial\_45 degree). Participants reach to a bell as quickly as possible. 3rd joint is calculated for quantitative measurements.
Time frame: 1 time (Baseline)
Differences in Temporal Measurements of Hand Movement Time Components During 3-directional Bell-reaching Task Between Healthy Subjects and Stroke Patients
The period from hand tangential velocity movement onset to offset was the total time (entire time of reach and return phase \[second\]). The period when the tangential velocity exceeded 10% of its peak was termed hand movement onset, whereas that when the tangential velocity stayed below 10% of its peak was termed hand movement offset. The measurements are detected in 3 directions (Forward\_90, Lateral\_135, Medial\_45 degree). Participants reach to a bell as quickly as possible. 3rd joint is calculated for quantitative measurements.
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Time frame: 1 time (Baseline)
Differences in Temporal Measurements of Hand Velocity Components During 3-directional Bell-reaching Task Between Healthy Subjects and Stroke Patients
Tangential velocity was computed for the hand marker's velocity. Peak elbow angular velocity (rad/s) during elbow extension were measured The measurements are detected in 3 directions (Forward\_90, Lateral\_135, Medial\_45 degree). Participants reach to a bell as quickly as possible. 3rd joint is calculated for quantitative measurements.
Time frame: 1 time (Baseline)
Differences in Temporal Measurements of Elbow Extension Acceleration Components During 3-directional Bell-reaching Task Between Healthy Subjects and Stroke Patients
Acceleration (rad/s2) during elbow extension was measured The measurements are detected in 3 directions (Forward\_90, Lateral\_135, Medial\_45 degree). Participants reach to a bell as quickly as possible. 3rd joint is calculated for quantitative measurements.
Time frame: 1 time (Baseline)
Difference of the Components Temporal Measurements Between Healthy and Stroke
Tangential velocity was computed for the hand marker's velocity. The period when the tangential velocity exceeded 10% of its peak was termed hand movement onset, whereas that when the tangential velocity stayed below 10% of its peak was termed hand movement offset. Peak hand velocity (mm/s) was analyzed. The measurements are detected in 3 directions (Forward\_90, Lateral\_135, Medial\_45 degree). Participants reach to a bell as quickly as possible. 3rd joint is calculated for quantitative measurements.
Time frame: 1 time (Baseline)
Comparison of Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scores Between Chronic Stroke Patients and Healthy
Related Fugl-Meyer Assessment score(dependent) to predictors(independent) in three directions. In sitting position, the sum of each subtotal score is 66 (maximum) and the minimum is 0. Subscales were summed to compute a total score. Cutoff scores defined 0\~20: severe, 21 \~ 50: moderate, 51\~66: mild 1\) Reflex activity\_max 4 score, 2) Volitional movement within synergies\_ max 18, 3) Volitional movement mixing synergies\_ max 6, 4) Volitional movement with little or no synergy\_ max 6, 5) Normal reflex activity\_max 2, 6) Wrist movement\_ max 10, 7) Hand movement with grasp\_ max 14, 8) coordination/speed\_max 6.
Time frame: Baseline