The Effect of Cold Application to the Sacral Area on Labor Comfort:

Inclusion Criteria: * The inclusion criteria were having a full-term pregnancy (pregnancies between 37th and 42nd weeks), * having a single fetus, having a cephalic presentation, * fetal weight of 2,5- 4 kg, * pregnant women's having normal body mass index and receiving no antenatal trainings, * having an 8 cm cervical dilation. Exclusion Criteria: * The women who had any kind of pregnancy complications (placenta previa, preeclampsia, * premature rupture of membranes, oligohydramnios and polyhydramnios, presentation disorder, * intrauterine growth retardation, intrauterine dead fetus, * macrosomia babies, fetal distress, etc.), * who had any systemic or neurologic diseases * contraction anomalies (hypotonic or hypertonic contractions), * who had induced labor, * who received narcotic analgesics, * who had occiput posterior, * who were in the latent and active phases of labor, * who had irregular contractions were excluded from the study