To evaluate the safety and efficacy of CM313 in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in patients who have not responded adequately or relapsed after first-line treatment and at least one second-line therapy including rituximab and/or TPO-RA.
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease, which is characterized by decreased platelet count and skin and mucosal bleeding. ITP is a kind of disease with increased platelet destruction and impaired platelet production caused by autoimmunity. Conventional treatment of adult ITP includes first-line glucocorticoid and immunoglobulin therapy, second line TPO and TPO receptor agonist, splenectomy and other immunosuppressive treatments (such as rituximab, vincristine, azathioprine, etc.). ITP is one of the most common hemorrhagic diseases. At present, the treatment response of ITP is not good, and a considerable number of patients need drug maintenance treatment, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and increases the economic burden of patients. Therefore, there is still a lack of effective treatment for adult ITP, especially for recurrent and refractory ITP patients, which is one of the problems that have attracted more attention and need to be solved urgently. The main pathogenesis of ITP is the loss of platelet autoantigen immune tolerance, which leads to abnormal activation of humoral and cellular immunity. It is characterized by antibody mediated platelet destruction and insufficient platelet production by megakaryocytes. The residual long-term autoreactive plasma cells may be a source of therapeutic resistance to autoimmune cytopenia. Antiplatelet specific plasma cells have been detected in the spleen of patients with rituximab refractory ITP. Therefore, the strategy of simply eliminating B cells may not work, because LLPC will continue to produce pathogenic antibodies. However, targeting LLPC becomes a new strategy to treat autoimmune diseases. CM313, a kind of anti-CD38 antibody, is a new type of monoclonal antibody targeting CD38. It targets plasma cells and has carried out some clinical studies in multiple myeloma, with good therapeutic effects. In addition, the clinical trials of similar CD38 monoclonal antibody drugs, such as daratumumab, in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including membranous nephropathy, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and ITP, are also being carried out simultaneously. We assume that autologous reaction LLPC may be the cause of treatment failure in some ITP patients. Therefore, the use of CD38 monoclonal antibody to clear long-term surviving plasma cells in ITP patients may be a new strategy for treating ITP patients. Therefore, the investigators designed this clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CM313 in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in patients who are steroid-refractory or steroid-dependent, and fail to respond to at least one previous second-line therapy, including rituximab and/ or TPO agonist.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
22
intravenous CM313 administration This study adopts a prospective, single arm, open design method. Twenty subjects were enrolled in the study and were treated with CD38 monoclonal antibody (CM 313: 16mg/kg/w) for 8 weeks. The first stage is the main research stage (d1-w8), which is the core treatment period. The subjects will receive intravenous infusion of 16mg/kg CM313 once a week for 8 weeks to observe the safety and efficacy during treatment. The second stage (w9-w24) is the stage of withdrawal from the visit, mainly to observe the safety and continuous efficacy of CM313 after treatment.
Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Blood Disease Hospital
Tianjin, Tianjin Municipality, China
To evaluate the efficacy after CM313 treatment within 8 weeks
Proportion of subjects with a platelet count ≥ 50 × 10\^9/L within 8 weeks after initial administration in absence of rescue therapy, and without having had dose increment of TPO-RA or corticosteroids during the study period
Time frame: 8 weeks
Safety of CM 313
Incidence, severity, and relationship of treatment emergent adverse events after CM 313 treatment
Time frame: 24 weeks
Other efficacy evaluation
Including: 1. Proportion of subjects with a platelet count ≥ 50 × 10\^9/L at week 2, week 4, week 6，week 8，week 10 and week 12 in absence of rescue therapy, and without having had dose increment of TPO-RA or corticosteroids during the study period; 2. Proportion of subjects achieving platelet counts ≥ 50×10\^9/L at least once in absence of rescue therapy, and without having had dose increment of TPO-RA or corticosteroids during the first 12 weeks; 3. Proportion of subjects whose platelet counts ≥ 30×10\^9/L and at least two times of baseline platelet count in absence of rescue therapy, and without having had dose increment of TPO-RA or corticosteroids within 8 weeks（two consecutive measurements at least 7 days apart）.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Duration from treatment initiation to platelet count ≥30×10^9/L and ≥50×10^9/L
Duration from treatment initiation to platelet count ≥30×10\^9/L and ≥50×10\^9/L without having received any platelet elevating therapy or having had dose increment of TPO-RA and/or corticosteroids
Time frame: 12 weeks
Cumulative weeks of platelet ≥30×10^9/L and platelet ≥50×10^9/L
Cumulative weeks of platelet ≥30×10\^9/L and platelet ≥50×10\^9/L without having received any platelet elevating therapy or having had dose increment of TPO-RA and/or corticosteroids
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Time frame: 24 weeks
Number of subjects with clinically significant bleeding as assessed using the world health organization (WHO) bleeding scale
Changes of the subjects' numbers in WHO bleeding score after CM313 treatment according to the reported World Health Organization's Bleeding Scale. The WHO Bleeding Scale is a measure of bleeding severity with the following grades: grade 0 = no bleeding, grade 1= petechiae, grade 2= mild blood loss, grade 3 = gross blood loss, and grade 4 = debilitating blood loss.
Time frame: 24 weeks
Measurements of platelet glycoprotein (GP) autoantibodies
level of anti-GPIIb/IIIa and Ib/IX antibodies before and after CM313 therapy
Time frame: 24 weeks
Measurements of immunoglobulin quantification
The level of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE quantification before and after CM313 therapy
Time frame: 24 weeks
Measurements of various subsets of immunocompetent cells
To assess the changes of the percentage of B cell subsets，regulatory B cells（Breg），regulatory T cells (Treg)，supressor T cells（Ts），monocyte subcets, helper T cells（Th）subsets and the functionally-polarized CD4+ T cell subsets, etc. in peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMCs）before and after CM313 therapy, and to compare with the healthy controls.
Time frame: 24 weeks