Proprioceptive Training vs. Hip Abductor With External Rotator Strengthening in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18-35 years * Patients diagnosed recently by an orthopedic surgeon for Patello-femoral pain syndrome * experiencing anterior/retro patellar knee pain during activities, * insidious onset of symptoms not linked to trauma, * pain persisting for no less than four weeks, * pain on palpation of the patellar facets, * pain when stepping down from a 25-cm step or during a double-legged squat. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with recent lower limb fractures or dislocations, * knee/hip joint surgery, * signs, symptoms, or radiological findings of intra-articular pathology such as effusion, ligamentous or meniscal involvement, * those with indications of patellar apprehension, * referred pain from the hip, back, or sacroiliac joint, * acute knee strain or sprain, * on medication such as NSAIDs or corticosteroids, * degenerative and infectious arthritis