This study aims to compare the effectiveness of a standard mobile cognitive behavioral therapy program to a personalized mobile cognitive behavioral therapy program that introduces new skills over a shorter period of time. Participants will use the Maya app for two days per week, at least 20 minutes per day, for six weeks. Assessments will include a weekly check in with a member of the research team, questionnaires, and optional electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings at the beginning and end of the 6-week intervention. The investigators think that that the less burdensome personalized program will be just as effective at improving symptoms of anxiety and depression as the general program.
Growing evidence suggests a need for anxiety and mood interventions that can be disseminated easily to adolescents and young adults. The goal of this study is to optimize a mobile application that teaches well-established, research-supported psychotherapeutic techniques to adolescents and young adults who are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and/or bipolar disorder. The study aims to compare the efficacy of a personalized mobile cognitive behavioral therapy program to a more general mobile cognitive behavioral therapy program. Study participants will randomly receive one of two versions of Maya, a mobile cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) app for adolescents and young adults: either a standard version that includes a variety of skills typically used in CBT, or a personalized version with skills matched to the participant's symptom profile. In contrast to the general condition, which may introduce new material over all six weeks of the intervention, all new material in the personalized condition will be introduced within the first four weeks. The remaining two weeks in the personalized condition will consist of practicing previously learned skills. Participants will use the Maya app for two days per week, at least 20 minutes per day for six weeks and will complete assessments at baseline, week 4, week 6 (end of intervention), and a follow-up assessment at week 12. Participants may also choose to complete an optional electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings at the baseline and end of intervention (week 6).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
100
All new material in the personalized condition will be introduced within the first four weeks and will contain modules targeting participant's personal symptom profiles. The remaining two weeks in the personalized condition will consist of practicing previously learned skills.
New material will be introduced to participants over all the six weeks of the intervention and will include all application modules.
Weill Cornell Medical College
New York, New York, United States
RECRUITINGChange in anxiety symptoms from pre-intervention to post-intervention as measured by the HAM-A.
The primary symptom measure for anxiety will be the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A). The HAM-A is a 14-item questionnaire measure of the severity of anxiety symptoms. The items measure both psychic anxiety and somatic anxiety. The scores range from 0 to 56, where higher scores indicate a greater severity of symptoms and lower scores indicate mild to no anxiety symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline to endpoint [Week 6]
Change in depressive symptoms from pre-intervention to post-intervention as measured by HAM-D.
The primary symptom measure for depression will be the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). The HAM-D is a 24-item questionnaire measuring the severity of depression symptoms. The scale ranges from 0 to 76, where higher scores indicate higher severity of depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline to endpoint [Week 6]
Change in anxiety symptoms from pre-intervention to post-intervention as measured by the anxiety subscale of the DASS.
Anxiety will be measured by the anxiety subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The anxiety subscale measures of the severity of anxiety symptoms. The scores range from 0 to 42, where higher scores indicate a greater severity of symptoms and lower scores indicate mild to no anxiety symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline to endpoint [Week 6]
Change in depressive symptoms from pre-intervention to post-intervention as measured by the depression subscale of the DASS.
Depression will be measured by the depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The subscale measures of the severity of depressive symptoms. The scores range from 0 to 42, where higher scores indicate a greater severity of symptoms and lower scores indicate mild to no symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline to endpoint [Week 6]
Change in anxiety measure scores pre-intervention to post-active learning phase as measured by HAM-A
Anxiety will be measured using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A). The HAM-A is a 14-item questionnaire measure of the severity of anxiety symptoms. The items measure both psychic anxiety and somatic anxiety. The scores range from 0 to 56, where higher scores indicate a greater severity of symptoms and lower scores indicate mild to no anxiety symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline to end of active learning phase [week 4]
Change in anxiety measure scores pre-intervention to post-active learning phase as measured by the anxiety subscale of the DASS.
Anxiety will be measured by the anxiety subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The anxiety subscale measures of the severity of anxiety symptoms. The scores range from 0 to 42, where higher scores indicate a greater severity of symptoms and lower scores indicate mild to no anxiety symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline to end of active learning phase [week 4]
Change in depression measure scores pre-intervention to post-active learning phase as measured by HAM-D.
Depression will be scored using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). The HAM-D is a 24-item questionnaire measuring the severity of depression symptoms. The scale ranges from 0 to 76, where higher scores indicate higher severity of depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline to end of active learning phase [week 4]
Change in depression measure scores pre-intervention to post-active learning phase as measured by the depression subscale of the DASS.
Depression will be measured by the depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS). The subscale measures of the severity of depressive symptoms. The scores range from 0 to 42, where higher scores indicate a greater severity of symptoms and lower scores indicate mild to no symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline to end of active learning phase [week 4]
Change in social anxiety from pre-intervention to post-intervention as measured by LSAS.
Social anxiety will be measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). The items measure social anxiety and extent of avoidance. Scores range from 0 to 144 where higher scores indicate higher levels of social anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline to end of active learning phase [week 4 for personalized intervention and week 6 for the general intervention]
Change in anxiety sensitivity from pre-intervention to post-intervention as measured by ASI.
Anxiety sensitivity will be measured using the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI). The items measure distress intolerance and fear of anxiety related sensations. Scores range from 0 to 72 where higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety sensitivity.
Time frame: Baseline to end of active learning phase [week 4 for personalized intervention and week 6 for the general intervention]
Change in avoidance from pre-intervention to post-intervention as measured by MEAQ.
Experiential avoidance will be measured using the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ). The 62-item scale measures avoidance of negative internal experiences. Scores range from 62 to 372 where higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety sensitivity.
Time frame: Baseline to end of active learning phase [week 4 for personalized intervention and week 6 for the general intervention]
Change in anhedonia from pre-intervention to post-intervention as measured by TEPS.
Anhedonia will be measured using the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS). The items measure anticipatory and consummatory experiences of pleasure. Scores range from 18 to 108 where higher scores indicate stronger feelings of anticipating and experiencing pleasure.
Time frame: Baseline to end of active learning phase [week 4 for personalized intervention and week 6 for the general intervention]
Change in Negative affect from pre-intervention to post-intervention as measured by PANAS
Negative affect will be measured using the negative affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Scores on the 10-item subscale range from 10 to 50, where higher scores indicate higher levels of negative affect.
Time frame: Baseline to end of active learning phase [week 4 for personalized intervention and week 6 for the general intervention]
Bipolar symptoms from pre-intervention to post-intervention as measured by ISS.
Bipolar symptoms will be measured using the Internal State Scale (ISS). The ISS is a 15 item self-report instrument using a visual analog line scale format (i.e. participant chooses from 0-100 on the scale to respond to each item). The scale contains four subscales (Activation, Well Being, Depression Index, and Perceived Conflict). Scores range from 0 to 1500 where higher scores represent higher severity of symptoms for each subscale.
Time frame: Baseline to end of active learning phase [week 4 for personalized intervention and week 6 for the general intervention]
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