This project aims to analyze ocular motility problems, visual processing speed and microperimetry, and their relationship with consolidated retinal structural biomarkers (optical coherence tomography, OCT) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis w/w reading complaints comparing with healthy subjects.
Anamnesis, ophthalmological medical history including difficulties in reading with appropriate glasses. The following protocol will be applied: * Comprehensive eye examination * Stereopsis * Primary gaze position * Cover test: far and near * Vergence and version eye movements * Presence of nystagmus * Far and near best corrected visual acuity, with updated refraction -.Pupillary light reflex * Biomicroscopy of the anterior pole * Intraocular pressure * Recording of eye movements during two standardized tests: International Reading Speed Texts test (IReST®) and Developmental Eye Movement Test (DEM™) with Tobii™ Pro Nano hardware package eye-tracking system and Tobii™ Pro Lab - full edition software. * Visual processing speed * Microperimetry * Optical coherence tomography * Eye fundus * Patients with a history of clinical optic neuritis will additionally undergo contrast sensitivity tests, the Farnsworth® test (Farnsworth test 28 Hue x 100) and normal monocular perimetry using the standard Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm (SITA-central 24-2) perimeter test. Humphrey® (Humphrey visual field analyser) and other tests at the discretion of the investigator.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
120
Eye tracker will be used to evaluate eye movements
Perimetric examination with Expert Exam strategy Microperimetry be used for fixation test
Macular Cube 512x128 or 200x200 scan. OCT will be used to analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell complex and ganglion-cell/inner plexiform layer
Visual processing speed test will be used for assessing subject visual stimulus search and reach times. Thirty-two different everyday visual stimuli divided in four complexity groups that were presented along 8 radial visual field positions at three different eccentricities.
IOBA - Universidad de Valladolid
Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
Eye Tracking Data
Characteristics of eye movements recorded with the eye tracker system during reading tests
Time frame: 24 Hours
Values for Visual Processing Speed (VPS)
VPS will be assessing subject visual stimulus search reaction time (S-RT) and reach reaction time (R-RT), measured in seconds. Thirty-two different everyday visual stimuli were divided in four complexity groups that were presented along 8 radial visual field positions at three different eccentricities (10º, 20º y 30º)
Time frame: 24 Hours
Retinal sensitivity assessed by microperimetry
Sensitivity and fixation analysis with microperimetry
Time frame: 24 Hours
Values for OCT neuroretinal and peripapillary parameters
OCT assessment will be by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography to assess the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular volume in humans
Time frame: 24 Hours
Fixations recorded with the eye tracker system
number of fixations, duration in milliseconds
Time frame: 24 Hours
Saccades recorded with the eye tracker system
number of saccades, duration in milliseconds
Time frame: 24 Hours
Fixation assessment with microperimetry
Fixation assessment: P1, P2 fixation points (indexes P1 and P2)
Time frame: 24 Hours
Bivariate Contour Ellipse Area (BCEA) analysis with microperimetry
BCEA assessment: areas BCEA 63, BCEA 95
Time frame: 24 Hours
Preferred Retinal Locus (PRL) analysis with microperimetry
PRL assessment: Low-PRL, PRL High
Time frame: 24 Hours
Analysis of the macular integrity (MI) with microperimetry
MI assessment: macular integrity index
Time frame: 24 Hours
Ganglion Cell Layer measurement (GCL: Macular OCT)
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) will be used to assess the GCL of patients with multiple sclerosis
Time frame: 24 Hours
Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer measurement (RNFL: peri-papillary OCT)
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) will be used to assess the RNFL of patients with multiple sclerosis
Time frame: 24 Hours
Macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness measurement (GCIPL)
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) will be used to assess the GCIPL of patients with multiple sclerosis
Time frame: 24 Hours
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