Coffee has been found to have beneficial effects on cognitive function and blood sugar control. Benefits include reduced risk of cognitive decline and improved performance on cognitive tests, as well as reduced risk of diabetes and improved blood sugar control in people with diabetes, a population that is at a higher risk of cognitive decline. These effects have been observed for both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee, and have been associated with the polyphenol chlorogenic acid (CGA). This polyphenol has been found to be more bioavailable in certain coffees, known as "speciality coffee" as defined by the Specialty Coffee Association of America, depending on agriculture, roasting, and brewing method. This current project will bring together these previous findings to explore the effects of specialty coffee on cognitive function and glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes through a randomized control trial with two groups: a high CGA specialty coffee group and a conventional coffee control group. Participants will be quasi-randomly assigned to one of these two groups following the completion of a 4-week run-in period during which participants will consume conventional coffee only. The length of the experimental arms is 8 weeks, therefore the total length of the study is 12 weeks. At the beginning and the end of each experimental arm participants will undertake a cognitive assessment online using the Gorilla platform, and a series of questionnaires relating to health and mood measures (details in procedure). Cognitive function will also be assessed at the beginning of the 4-week run-in period.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
70
24 ounces of coffee will be consumed daily
Kaiser Permanente
Berkeley, California, United States
RECRUITINGVerbal memory
Assessed at the end of 8-week intervention arm using a modified version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
Time frame: 8 weeks
Verbal memory
Assessed at the beginning of the 8-week intervention arm using a modified version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
Time frame: 0 weeks
Verbal memory
Assessed at the beginning of the 4-week run-in period using a modified version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test
Time frame: -4 weeks
Haemoglobin A1C
Self-reported by the participant at the end of the 8-week intervention arm
Time frame: 8 weeks
Haemoglobin A1C
Self-reported by the participant at the beginning of the 8-week intervention arm
Time frame: 0 weeks
Haemoglobin A1C
Self-reported by the participant at the beginning of the 4-week run-in period
Time frame: -4 weeks
Lipid panel (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides)
Self-reported by the participant at the end of the 8-week intervention arm
Time frame: 8 weeks
Lipid panel (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides)
Self-reported by the participant at the beginning of the 8-week intervention arm
Time frame: 0 weeks
Lipid panel (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides)
Self-reported by the participant at the beginning of the 4-week run-in period
Time frame: -4 weeks
Depression symptoms
Assessed at the end of the 8-week intervention arm with the PHQ-9
Time frame: 8 weeks
Depression symptoms
Assessed at the beginning of the 8-week intervention arm with the PHQ-9
Time frame: 0 weeks
Depression symptoms
Assessed at the beginning of the 4-week run-in period with the PHQ-9
Time frame: -4 weeks
Anxiety symptoms
Assessed at the end of the 8-week intervention arm with the GAD-7
Time frame: 8 weeks
Anxiety symptoms
Assessed at the beginning of the 8-week intervention arm with the GAD-7
Time frame: 0 weeks
Anxiety symptoms
Assessed at the beginning of the 4-week run-in period with the GAD-7
Time frame: -4 weeks
Executive Function
Assessed at the end of the 8-week intervention arm with a computerised version of the Corsi Block Tapping Test
Time frame: 8 weeks
Executive Function
Assessed at the beginning of the 8-week intervention arm with a computerised version of the Corsi Block Tapping Test
Time frame: 0 weeks
Executive Function
Assessed at the beginning of the 4-week run-in with a computerised version of the Corsi Block Tapping Test
Time frame: -4 weeks
Working memory
Assessed at the beginning of the 8-week intervention arm with a computerised version of digit span
Time frame: 0 weeks
Working memory
Assessed at the beginning of the 4-week run-in with a computerised version of digit span
Time frame: -4 weeks
Processing Speed
Assessed at the end of the 8-week intervention arm with a computerised version of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test
Time frame: 8 weeks
Processing Speed
Assessed at the beginning of the 8-week intervention arm with a computerised version of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test
Time frame: 0 weeks
Processing Speed
Assessed at the beginning of 4-week run-in with a computerised version of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test
Time frame: -4 weeks
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