The goal of this neuroimaging pilot study is to understand developmental differences in the impact of therapeutic wavelength light (blue light) versus a non-therapeutic wavelength (red light) on emotional brain function in depression. The main questions this study aims to answer are: * Does acute exposure to blue light (vs red light) stabilize emotional brain function in depressed individuals? * Are stabilizing effects of blue light (vs red light) stronger for blue light in adolescents than young adults? Participants will complete: * A magnetic resonance imaging brain scan, in which we will examine the effect of blue versus red light on emotional brain function at rest and in response to rewards and losses. * A pupillometry test of sensitivity to blue vs red light * Clinical interviews and surveys * Screening measures for drug and alcohol use, MRI safety, and current pregnancy \[if relevant\] * Home sleep tracking with sleep diary and actigraphy for one week
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
80
Blue light exposure
Red light exposure
Western Psychiatric Hospital
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
RECRUITINGAmygdala cerebral blood flow during Blue vs Red light exposure
Cerebral blood flow will be assessed using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling collected during blue and red light exposures. Regional cerebral blood flow in the amygdala region of interest will be examined.
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
Ventral Striatum cerebral blood flow during Blue vs Red light exposure
Cerebral blood flow will be assessed using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling collected during blue and red light exposures. Regional cerebral blood flow in the ventral striatum region of interest will be examined.
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
Amygdala activity (loss>neutral) during Blue vs Red light exposure
This outcome will be measured during the an auditory probabilistic reward task, which is a computerized fMRI behavioral task. Activation is defined by blood oxygen dependent signal within an amygdala region of interest on loss versus neutral (no win/no loss) trials.
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
Ventral Striatum activity (punish>neutral) during Blue vs Red light exposure
This outcome will be measured during the an auditory probabilistic reward task, which is a computerized fMRI behavioral task. Activation is defined by blood oxygen dependent signal within a ventral striatum region of interest on win versus neutral (no win/no loss) trials.
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
Medial prefrontal cortex cerebral blood flow during Blue vs Red light exposure
Cerebral blood flow will be assessed using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling collected during blue and red light exposures. Regional cerebral blood flow in the medial prefrontal region of interest will be examined.
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
Insula cerebral blood flow during Blue vs Red light exposure
Cerebral blood flow will be assessed using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling collected during blue and red light exposures. Regional cerebral blood flow in the insula regions of interest will be examined.
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex cerebral blood flow during Blue vs Red light exposure
Cerebral blood flow will be assessed using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling collected during blue and red light exposures. Regional cerebral blood flow in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex regions of interest will be examined.
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
Amygdala-whole brain functional connectivity (loss>neutral) during Blue vs Red light exposure
This outcome will be measured during the an auditory probabilistic reward task, which is a computerized fMRI behavioral task. Functional connectivity is defined as a psychophysiological interaction between the seed region (amygdala) and the whole brain on loss versus neutral (no win/no loss) trials
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity (loss>neutral) during Blue vs Red light exposure
This outcome will be measured during the an auditory probabilistic reward task, which is a computerized fMRI behavioral task. Activation is defined by blood oxygen dependent signal within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex region of interest on loss versus neutral (no win/no loss) trials.
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
Insula activity (loss>neutral) during Blue vs Red light exposure
This outcome will be measured during the an auditory probabilistic reward task, which is a computerized fMRI behavioral task. Activation is defined by blood oxygen dependent signal within the insula region of interest on loss versus neutral (no win/no loss) trials.
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
Medial prefrontal cortex activity (win>neutral) during Blue vs Red light exposure
This outcome will be measured during the an auditory probabilistic reward task, which is a computerized fMRI behavioral task. Activation is defined by blood oxygen dependent signal within the medial prefrontal region of interest on win versus neutral (no win/no loss) trials.
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
Ventral striatum-whole brain functional connectivity (win>neutral) during Blue vs Red light exposure
This outcome will be measured during the an auditory probabilistic reward task, which is a computerized fMRI behavioral task. Functional connectivity is defined as a psychophysiological interaction between the seed region (ventral striatum) and the whole brain.
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity, insula, and medial prefrontal activity, and amygdala- and ventral striatum whole brain functional connectivity (response bias; B') during Blue vs Red light exposure
This outcome will be measured during the an auditory probabilistic reward task, which is a computerized fMRI behavioral task. Activation is defined by blood oxygen dependent signal within the above regions of interest using a response bias metric (B'). Functional connectivity is defined as a psychophysiological interaction between the seed regions (amygdala, ventral striatums) and the whole brain.
Time frame: Collected during the blue and red light exposures during the MRI scan at the lab visit
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