The COVID-19 pandemic has increased social isolation and depressive symptoms in youth, adding strain to an already overwhelmed mental healthcare system. Online single-session interventions are digital programs that can help expand access to care and teach evidence-based skills. To help youth build healthy relationships, we developed 3 online single-session interventions (SSI) to teach romantic competence skills to adolescents and emerging adults. Youth, ages 16-20, will be recruited to social media and randomly assigned to one of two conditions: the intervention condition, offering them three SSIs to select from, or an information-only control group. Within the intervention condition, youth will complete one of three romantic competence SSIs: (1) Insight, targeting awareness of one's needs in relationships, (2) Communication, teaching listening and communication skills, and (3) Stay vs. Go, helping youth make difficult decisions. Investigators will assess each SSI's relative benefits on relationship knowledge and depressive symptoms up to three months later compared to the information-only control group. Results will reveal if online SSIs can teach romantic competence skills and if engaging in these interventions has psychosocial benefits for youth with elevated depressive symptoms.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
500
Online, 30-minute self-administered relationship competence program for youth ages 16-20
Online, 30-minute self-administered relationship education activity for youth ages 16-20
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9; Kroenke et al., 2001)
The PHQ-9 is a reliable, valid measure of depression symptom severity. Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms of depression.
Time frame: Pre-SSI to 3-month follow-up
Beck Hopelessness Scale - 4 Item Version (Steed, 2001)
This scale asks participants to rate 4 statements based on their sense of hopelessness. Participants rate the 4 statements on a 4 point scale ranging from 0 (Absolutely Disagree) to 3 (Absolutely Agree). Average scores across all items range from 0 to 3, with a higher score indicating greater levels of hopelessness.
Time frame: Pre-Intervention to Immediately Post-Intervention; Pre-Intervention to 3-month follow-up
Relationship Learning Inventory (Davila et al., 2000)
This measure uses 3 questions post-intervention to assess the extent to which participants gained learned something important after the activity, thought about relationships differently, or felt validated in the way that they have been thinking/acting in their relationships.
Time frame: Pre-Intervention to Immediately Post-Intervention
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7; Steed, 2001)
The GAD-7 measures the severity of clinical anxiety symptoms, based on diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder. The GAD-7 includes 7 items asking respondents how often, during the last 2 weeks, they were bothered by each of 7 anxiety symptoms. Higher scores reflect higher generalized anxiety symptoms.
Time frame: Pre-SSI to 3-month follow-up
Relationship Decision Making Scale (Vennum & Fincham, 2011)
The Relationship Deciding Scale measures effective decision-making during interpersonal situations. It has three subscales with items rated on a 5- point scale (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree), relationship confidence, assessing confidence in maintaining a relationship; warning signs, assessing awareness of and ability to deal with warning signs in relationships; and deciding, assessing thoughtfulness regarding decisions. Higher scores suggest more effective decision-making.
Time frame: Pre-SSI to 3-month follow-up
Relationship Knowledge and Efficacy Scale (Davila et al., 2020)
This measure consists of 21 items, rated 1-7 (1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree), and measures six domains: (1) confidence in one's knowledge about what a healthy relationship is and ability to manage relationships; (2) confidence in one's knowledge about and ability to cope with relationship problems; (3) willingness to compromise oneself; (4) beliefs that any relationship can work if you work hard enough; and (5) overreliance on emotions for relationship decisions. Higher scores reflect better relationship knowledge and efficacy.
Time frame: Pre-SSI to 3-month follow-up
Qualitative Changes in the Relationship Learning Inventory
Immediately after the activity, participants will be asked, "In your opinion, what was the most important thing you learned from this activity?" "Based on what you learned, will you do anything differently in your relationships? If yes, please elaborate on what you will do differently." At the 3-month follow-up, we also ask two additional questions, "From what you remember, what was the most important thing you learned in our relationship education activity?" and "Since completing this activity, have you noticed any changes in how you navigate your relationships? If yes, please tell us what you have noticed." Participants are provided with space to answer these questions via text entry.
Time frame: Immediately Post-Intervention
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