Impact of a European Training Program for Robotic Liver Surgery (LIVEROBOT)

Center/Surgeon Eligibility Criteria: Prior to admission to the LIVEROBOT training program surgeons must demonstrate laparoscopic experience with a laparoscopic cholecystectomy with OSATS score \>3 (reviewed by proctors), participation in the LAELIVE training program or demonstrating more than two-year experience in clinical laparoscopic liver surgery. Additionally, a minimal surgical volume is required for participation. Annual liver surgery volume (open and minimally invasive combined) per two surgeons should be more 60, aiming to reach more than 40 RLS annually. Each participating surgeon should individually perform a minimum of more than 15 hepatectomy procedures annually. Surgeons shall be excluded from the training program if at any point failing to meet the minimal volume criteria (corrected for COVID-19 restrictions). Inclusion Criteria: * Age equal or above 18 years * Eligible for elective minimally invasive and open hepatectomy for malignant, pre-malignant or benign disease located in the liver or biliary tract * Eligible for both minimally invasive and open surgery according to the operating surgeon * Fit to undergo the indicated operation according to both the anaesthesiologist and surgeon Exclusion Criteria: * Pregnancy