The goal of this pilot study and randomised control trial is to compare a smartphone-based exercise programme to deep venous stenting in patients with Post Thrombotic Syndrome. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is exercise as effective as stenting in these patients? * What type of exercise is useful in these patients? * Can exercise be used to improve the results from surgery? Participants will be split into two groups at random. They will complete a smartphone-based exercise programme or have a deep venous stent. They will do the following tests before and after. * Exercise testing * Calf muscle strength and function tests * Ultrasound of the deep veins * Quality of life questionnaires * Clinical assessment of their disease They will be compared to healthy volunteers in the pilot study. Investigators will compare exercise to stenting to see if it improves symptoms in these patients. The pilot study will help decide how many patients are needed and what exercise tests will be used for the Randomised control trial.
This is a non-commercial pilot study, leading to a randomised control trial. Primary objective: 1\) To evaluate smartphone-based exercise as an alternative to stenting in patients with IVC and Iliofemoral vein outflow obstruction secondary to Post Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS). Secondary objectives: 1. To characterise symptomatology and response to different exercise modalities in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. 2. Evaluate exercise physiology in patients with chronic venous insufficiency before and after a supervised exercise programme. 3. To explore the use of available technologies, such as smart phone applications and wearable devices to deliver a remotely monitored exercise programme. 4. To establish a method of assessment of flow (inflow and collateral flow) in patients with symptomatic venous obstruction. 5. To understand the impact of stent shape and compression on venous flow and the subsequent patient outcomes. 6. To set criteria for the stratification of patient treatment based upon objective and quantitative measures in patients with venous claudication. Participants will be recruited to the following three groups: Group 1. Patients with PTS that will undergo remotely supervised exercise Group 2. Patients with PTS that will undergo stenting Group 3. Healthy volunteers All participants will undergo series of exercise tests and imaging assessments. Participants in group 1 will have these tests repeated at the end of the exercise programme, and group 2 when they attend for their six to eight week follow up visit. Participants in group 1 will be able to re-join the waiting list for stenting on the condition that they have agreement from their named consultant. Investigators anticipate all study activities to be completed before group 1 participants would have received a date for stenting, as current waiting times for stenting is in excess of 18 months. Patients from both groups 1 and 2 will be loaned an activity tracker (FitBit) to wear. Group 1 will be asked to wear the tracker from day 1 of the exercise programme, group 2 will be asked to wear the tracker from the first post operative day. Both groups will wear the tracker until the follow up visit. This will allow measurement of general activity in both groups and allow for monitoring of compliance with exercise in group 1.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
54
cardiovascular and lower limb strengthening exercise programme
Planned surgical intervention
St. Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust
London, United Kingdom
RECRUITINGVillalta score.
0-30, \>5 diagnostic of post thrombotic disease. 5-9 is mild disease, 9-4 moderate and \>15 Severe. (15 automatically added in the presence of a venous leg ulcer). Change in Villalta score
Time frame: 1) Day 0 - baseline, prior to intervention. 2) up to 2 weeks post intervention, on average week 8-12 of the study. 3) Study completion, 6 months
VO2 max - maximal oxygen consumption
change in peak VO2 max on cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Increased value indicates improvement, decreased value indicates deterioration
Time frame: 1) Day 0 - baseline, prior to intervention. 2) up to 2 weeks post intervention, on average week 8-12 of the study.
Six minute walk test
change in six minute walk test. Increased distance indicates improvement, decreased distance indicates deterioration.
Time frame: 1) Day 0 - baseline, prior to intervention. 2) up to 2 weeks post intervention, on average week 8-12 of the study.
Incline walk test
Time to onset of symptoms and total incline and speed achieved. Longer time to onset, steeper incline achieved and faster speed acheived indicate improvement.
Time frame: 1) Day 0 - baseline, prior to intervention. 2) up to 2 weeks post intervention, on average week 8-12 of the study.
Calf ejection fraction
change in calf ejection fraction by plethysmography
Time frame: 1) Day 0 - baseline, prior to intervention. 2) up to 2 weeks post intervention, on average week 8-12 of the study.
Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study quality of life and symptoms (VEINES-QoL/Sym) - disease specific quality of life instrument for Chronic Venous Disorders of the Leg
Change in VEINES-QoL/Sym score - higher value indicates better outcome
Time frame: 1) Day 0 - baseline, prior to intervention. 2) up to 2 weeks post intervention, on average week 8-12 of the study. 3) Study completion, 6 months
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