Affirmative Family and Individual Psychotherapy for Sexual and Gender Minority Adults and Their Nonaccepting Parents

Change in suicidal ideation

Suicidal ideation will be measured using a single item from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. This item is rated from 0-3, where a higher score indicates higher suicidal ideation.

Time frame: Baseline, Immediate Post-intervention, 5-month Post-intervention

Change in sexual orientation and gender modality concealment motivation, as relevant

Motivation to conceal sexual orientation and gender modality will be assessed using the Concealment Motivation subscale of the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS). The three subscale items, rated on a 6-point scale, will be averaged for a maximum total score of 6. Higher scores indicate higher concealment motivation.

Time frame: Baseline, Immediate Post-intervention, 5-month Post-intervention

Change in sexual orientation and gender modality acceptance concerns, as relevant

Acceptance concerns of sexual minority identity and gender identity will be assessed using the Acceptance Concerns subscale of the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS). The three subscale items, rated on a 6-point scale, will be averaged for a maximum total score of 6. Higher scores indicate higher acceptance concerns.

Time frame: Baseline, Immediate Post-intervention, 5-month Post-intervention

Change in explicit internalized stigma

Change in explicit internalized stigma will be assessed using the Internalized Homonegativity subscale of the Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Scale (LGBIS). The three subscale items, rated on a 6-point scale, will be averaged for a maximum total score of 6. Higher scores indicate higher acceptance concerns.

Time frame: Baseline, Immediate Post-intervention, 5-month Post-intervention

Change in emotion dysregulation

Emotion dysregulation will be assessed using the 18-item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form (DERS-SF). Items are rated on a 5-point scale from 1-5; items 1, 4, and 6 are reverse coded. Items are averaged for a total maximum score of 5, where higher scores indicate higher emotion dysregulation.

Time frame: Baseline, Immediate Post-intervention, 5-month Post-intervention

Change in implicit sexual orientation bias

Implicit bias related to sexual orientation will be measured using the sexual orientation Implicit Association Test. Scores range from -2 to 2, where higher scores indicate higher implicit preference towards heterosexuality.

Time frame: Baseline, Immediate Post-intervention

Change in parental acceptance of sexual orientation or gender modality, as relevant

Parental acceptance will be measured by the Parental Acceptance subscale of the Parental Acceptance and Rejection of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Scale (PARSOS). 15 items are rated on a 5-point scale from 1-5. Items are averaged for a maximum total score of 5, indicating higher parental acceptance.

Time frame: Baseline, Immediate Post-intervention, 5-month Post-intervention

Change in parental rejection of sexual orientation or gender modality, as relevant

Parental rejection will be measured by the Parental Rejection subscale of the Parental Acceptance and Rejection of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Scale (PARSOS). 13 items are rated on a 5-point scale from 1-5. Items are averaged for a maximum total score of 5, indicating higher parental rejection.

Time frame: Baseline, Immediate Post-intervention, 5-month Post-intervention

Change in quality of attachment relationship

Quality of attachment relationship will be assessed using the Experience in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures Questionnaire (ECR-RS). 9 items are rated on a scale from 1-7 and averaged for a total maximum score of 7, indicating a higher quality of attachment relationship.

Time frame: Baseline, Immediate Post-intervention, 5-month Post-intervention