Scuba diving with closed circuit gas rebreathers is currently booming. Initially developed for professional and military diving, this type of diving has become very successful in recreational activities. The possibilities offered by this equipment are immense and reduce the constraints of exploration time and depth. More and more divers are seeking to reach depths previously considered unusual or inaccessible in recreational diving, beyond 100 meters. By pushing back these limits, the diver is exposed to new risks which should lead to a reflection on the means of prevention and treatment in case of incident. The physiological repercussions of these deep dives are not well known. During daily deep excursions in the 90-120 meter zone, there is a significant reduction in vital capacity on leaving the dive, which persists and worsens the following day. It seems necessary to confirm the importance of this impairment, never documented before, and to explore its mechanisms. A better knowledge of this respiratory impact could allow to improve the prevention and the preliminary evaluation of the medical aptitude of these divers.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
20
Performing pre-dive examinations: \- EFR by plethysmography cabin Realization of the examinations the day of the dive: * Portable Spirometry * Pulmonary ultrasound * Cardiac ultrasound * Measurement of circulating bubbles * ECG * Venous blood sampling (biological collection) * Water balance (Δweight/water intake) * EFR by plethysmography cabin * Weight measurement Realization of the examinations the day after the dive: * Venous blood sample (biological collection) * Portable Spirometry * Pulmonary ultrasound * Cardiac ultrasound * Weight measurement
CHU de BREST
Brest, France
Variation in Vital Capacity Measurement before and after diving
Vital capacity measurement will be performed by plethysmography and spirometry (Measurement of mobilizable and non-mobilizable lung volumes (mL))
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variation in Vital Capacity Measurement before and after diving
Vital capacity measurement will be performed by plethysmography and spirometry (Measurement of mobilizable and non-mobilizable lung volumes (mL))
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variation in Vital Capacity Measurement before and after diving
Vital capacity measurement will be performed by plethysmography and spirometry (Measurement of mobilizable and non-mobilizable lung volumes (mL))
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in Spirometry data before and after diving
Measurement of SPO2 (%), CVF (L), VEMS (L), VEMS/CVF (%), DEP (L/S) and DEMM (L/S) before and after diving by spirometry
Time frame: Day -XX before diving
Variations in Spirometry data before and after diving
Measurement of SPO2 (%), CVF (L), VEMS (L), VEMS/CVF (%), DEP (L/S) and DEMM (L/S) before and after diving by spirometry
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in Spirometry data before and after diving
Measurement of SPO2 (%), CVF (L), VEMS (L), VEMS/CVF (%), DEP (L/S) and DEMM (L/S) before and after diving by spirometry
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in Spirometry data before and after diving
Measurement of SPO2 (%), CVF (L), VEMS (L), VEMS/CVF (%), DEP (L/S) and DEMM (L/S) before and after diving by spirometry
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving
Measurement of CV max (L), CVF (L), VRE (L), VRI (L), VT (L), VEMS (L), VR (L) and CPT (L) before and after diving by plethysmography
Time frame: Day -XX before Day 0
Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving
Measurement of DEP (L.S), DEM 75 (L/S), DEM 50 (L/s), DEM 25 (L/S) before and after diving by plethysmography
Time frame: Day -XX before Day 0
Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving
Measurement of CV max (L), CVF (L), VRE (L), VRI (L), VT (L), VEMS (L), VR (L) and CPT (L) before and after diving by plethysmography
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving
Measurement of DEP (L.S), DEM 75 (L/S), DEM 50 (L/s), DEM 25 (L/S) before and after diving by plethysmography
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving
Measurement of CV max (L), CVF (L), VRE (L), VRI (L), VT (L), VEMS (L), VR (L) and CPT (L) before and after diving by plethysmography
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving
Measurement of DEP (L.S), DEM 75 (L/S), DEM 50 (L/s), DEM 25 (L/S) before and after diving by plethysmography
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving
Measurement of CV max (L), CVF (L), VRE (L), VRI (L), VT (L), VEMS (L), VR (L) and CPT (L) before and after diving by plethysmography
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in plethysmography data before and after diving
Measurement of DEP (L.S), DEM 75 (L/S), DEM 50 (L/s), DEM 25 (L/S) before and after diving by plethysmography
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in DLCO before and after diving
Measurement DLCO (mmol/(min\*kPa) before and after diving
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in DLCO before and after diving
Measurement DLCO (mmol/(min\*kPa) before and after diving
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in DLCO before and after diving
Measurement DLCO (mmol/(min\*kPa) before and after diving
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in lung ultrasound (B lines) before and after diving
A B-line count should be performed, which is defined as vertical artefacts, mobile with breathing, continuous, originating from the pleural line and erasing the other artefacts. These artefacts indicate interstitial damage, the importance of which correlates with their number and a very good correlation with the quantity of extrapulmonary water.
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in lung ultrasound (B lines) before and after diving
A B-line count should be performed, which is defined as vertical artefacts, mobile with breathing, continuous, originating from the pleural line and erasing the other artefacts. These artefacts indicate interstitial damage, the importance of which correlates with their number and a very good correlation with the quantity of extrapulmonary water.
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in lung ultrasound (B lines) before and after diving
A B-line count should be performed, which is defined as vertical artefacts, mobile with breathing, continuous, originating from the pleural line and erasing the other artefacts. These artefacts indicate interstitial damage, the importance of which correlates with their number and a very good correlation with the quantity of extrapulmonary water.
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in lung ultrasound (condensations) before and after diving
Ultrasound signs of condensation or pleural effusions should be observed before and after diving.
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in lung ultrasound (condensations) before and after diving
Ultrasound signs of condensation or pleural effusions should be observed before and after diving.
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in lung ultrasound (condensations) data before and after diving
Ultrasound signs of condensation or pleural effusions should be observed before and after diving.
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in cardiac ultrasound pulmonary pressure (PAPs) before and after diving
Pulmonary arterial pressures are assessed by studying pulmonary artery Doppler flow (Acceleration Time) and right ventricular ejection time (RVET) and calculating the Acceleration/RVET ratio.
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in cardiac ultrasound pulmonary pressure (PAPs) before and after diving
Pulmonary arterial pressures are assessed by studying pulmonary artery Doppler flow (Acceleration Time) and right ventricular ejection time (RVET) and calculating the Acceleration/RVET ratio.
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in cardiac ultrasound pulmonary pressure (PAPs) before and after diving
Pulmonary arterial pressures are assessed by studying pulmonary artery Doppler flow (Acceleration Time) and right ventricular ejection time (RVET) and calculating the Acceleration/RVET ratio.
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in right ventricle function data before and after diving
Right ventricular systolic function is assessed by measuring the tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in TM mode and calculating the LV shortening fraction.
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in right ventricle function data before and after diving
Right ventricular systolic function is assessed by measuring the tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in TM mode and calculating the LV shortening fraction.
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in right ventricle function data before and after diving
Right ventricular systolic function is assessed by measuring the tricuspid annulus plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) in TM mode and calculating the LV shortening fraction.
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in decompression (circulating bubbles) data before and after diving
Detection of circulating bubbles by trans-thoracic ultrasound
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in decompression (circulating bubbles) data before and after diving
Detection of circulating bubbles by trans-thoracic ultrasound
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in biological markers of coagulation activation before and after diving
Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of coagulation factors (TFPI, procoagulant microparticles, Fibrin monomer, PF4, C3a, C5a and platelet count) before and after diving. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in biological markers of coagulation activation before and after diving
Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of coagulation factors (TFPI, procoagulant microparticles, Fibrin monomer, PF4, C3a, C5a and platelet count) before and after diving. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in biological markers of coagulation activation before and after diving
Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of coagulation factors (TFPI, procoagulant microparticles, Fibrin monomer, PF4, C3a, C5a and platelet count) before and after diving. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in biomarkers of lipid peroxidation before and after diving
Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of lipoperoxidation (F2-Isoprostane) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations.
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in biomarkers of lipid peroxidation before and after diving
Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) lipoperoxidation (F2-Isoprostane) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations.
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in biomarkers of lipid peroxidation before and after diving
Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) lipoperoxidation (F2-Isoprostane) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations.
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in biomarkers of oxidative stress before and after diving
Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of oxidative stress factors before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations.
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in biomarkers of oxidative stress before and after diving
Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of oxidative stress factors before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations.
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in biomarkers of oxidative stress before and after diving
Measurement from the serum library (venous blood samples) of oxidative stress factors (as F2-Isoprostane, 8-isoprostane) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations.
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in biological markers of inflammation before and after diving
Measurement of inflammation factors (CRP and IL1-β) from the serum library (venous blood samples) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations.
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in biological markers of inflammation before and after diving
Measurement of inflammation factors (CRP and IL1-β) from the serum library (venous blood samples) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations.
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in biological markers of inflammation before and after diving
Measurement of inflammation factors (CRP and IL1-β) from the serum library (venous blood samples) before and after the dive. The analyses remain to be specified according to the results of other ongoing investigations.
Time frame: Day +1
Variations in water balance before and after diving
Pre- and post-dive water intakes are quantified but no intake restrictions are requested : Weight measured by electronic scale (in kg)
Time frame: Day 0 (before diving)
Variations in water balance before and after diving
Pre- and post-dive water intakes are quantified but no intake restrictions are requested : Weight measured by electronic scale (in kg)
Time frame: Day 0 (after diving)
Variations in water balance before and after diving
Pre- and post-dive water intakes are quantified but no intake restrictions are requested : Weight measured by electronic scale (in kg)
Time frame: Day +1
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