To examine how a low glycemic index diet (LGID) changes biochemical parameters, body measurements, and body image perception in obese individuals with insulin resistance. Obesity groups with insulin resistance who received a control diet (CD) and a LGID will be compared with each other in terms of biochemical parameters, body image perception and body measurements. In addition, each group will be compared with the start and end measurements over the same values.
The main purpose of this study is to determine the effect of LGID on body image perception, biochemical parameters and body measurements in obese individuals with insulin resistance. Sub-objectives of the study; Determination of the effect of LGID on fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin level and HOMA-IR levels compared to CD. Determination of the effect of LGID on body weight, fat mass, muscle mass, body muscle ratio and body mass index (BMI) compared to CD. Determination of the effect of LGID on body image perception status compared to CD.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
124
1. Participants who came to the hospital for control and were interested in the study contacted the study researchers and eligibility was determined through face-to-face interviews. Potential participants were invited to a screening visit to verify eligibility. 2. The LGID program was initiated as an outpatient treatment in patients who applied to a dietitian. 3) Medium and high GI carbohydrates (GI \> 55) were excluded from the diet and only low GI (GI \< 50) foodstuffs were allowed. 4) A list of low glycemic index foods were given to the patients. In addition, a list of foods to avoid (medium and high glycemic index) is provided.
Üsküdar University
Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance
Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index was obtained by the following formula: fasting glucose (mg/dl/18) x fasting insulin (U/mL)/22.5. A HOMA-IR index \>2.5 is in favor of Insulin Resistance (IR).
Time frame: Changes within and between groups are evaluated on the start and last day of the intervention (day 120).
Cholesterol
Blood samples were collected after an overnight fast by using 10 mL plain tubes. Lipid profile was measured by using Cholesterol Kits and total cholesterol levels were measured using the sum of the LDL and HDL plus one-fifth of triglyceride levels.
Time frame: Changes within and between groups are evaluated on the start and last day of the intervention (day 120).
Fasting plasma glucose
Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were determined by taking a blood sample from participants who have fasted for at least 8 hours, Fasting glucose is between 75-95 mg/dL (4.2-5.3 mmol/L).
Time frame: Changes within and between groups are evaluated on the start and last day of the intervention (day 120).
Fasting insulin level
Fasting insulin is between 18-48 pmol/L.
Time frame: Changes within and between groups are evaluated on the start and last day of the intervention (day 120).
Body weight
Body weight was measured in kilograms.
Time frame: Changes within and between groups are evaluated on the start and last day of the intervention (day 120).
Body muscle ratio
Body muscle ratio as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis -- whole body composition was evaluated.
Time frame: Changes within and between groups are evaluated on the start and last day of the intervention (day 120).
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Body muscle mass, kg
Body muscle mass as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis -- whole body composition was evaluated.
Time frame: Changes within and between groups are evaluated on the start and last day of the intervention (day 120).
Body mass index
Body mass index (BMI)=weight/(height)\^2
Time frame: Changes within and between groups are evaluated on the start and last day of the intervention (day 120).
Body fat mass, kg
Body fat mass as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis -- whole body composition was evaluated.
Time frame: Changes within and between groups are evaluated on the start and last day of the intervention (day 120).
Body fat ratio
Body fat ratio as assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis -- whole body composition was evaluated.
Time frame: Changes within and between groups are evaluated on the start and last day of the intervention (day 120).
Assessment of body image scale
The body image scale (BIS) includes 10 items, and was developed to briefly and comprehensively assess the affective (e.g., feeling self-conscious), behavioral (e.g., difficulty in looking at the naked body), and cognitive (e.g., satisfaction with appearance) aspects of body image in patients. It is a 4-point scale (0 = not at all and 3 = very much), and the final score is the sum of scores for 10 items, ranging from 0 to 30, with a lower score representing a better body image.
Time frame: Changes within and between groups are evaluated on the start and last day of the intervention (day 120).