The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR) based rehabilitation protocol for improvement of blood glucose control and exercise compliance of patients. Subjects aged 55-85 diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes will be recruited. A written consent will be obtained from subjects. Subjects recruited will be randomly divided into one of the two groups. The VR group will receive an exercise program conducted in elderly centre or a control group will receive home exercise program. The 12-week exercise program will be conducted three times per week and each session will last for one hour. Assessment that takes about one hour to complete will be carried out at baseline, mid-way (6th week) and after the 12-week exercise training. Assessment items include physical, psychosocial and cognitive function. Also, blood test on HbA1c will be carried out at baseline and at the end of the 12-week training. During this course of research, subjects are strongly advised to stay with their present lifestyle and medication.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
124
The IVRE program will include aerobic exercise, muscle strengthening exercise, balance and flexibility exercise.
Aerobic exercise, muscle strengthening exercise, balance and flexibility exercise at home.
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C)
HbA1c can be used to evaluate how well-controlled blood sugar has been throughout exercise program. Blood tests will be performed by a nurse at the community center and HbA1c tests will be conducted by a private medical laboratory.
Time frame: Baseline
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C)
HbA1c can be used to evaluate how well-controlled blood sugar has been throughout
Time frame: 6 weeks
Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1C)
HbA1c can be used to evaluate how well-controlled blood sugar has been throughout
Time frame: 12 weeks
Chair Stand Test
Testing lower body strength
Time frame: Baseline
Chair Stand Test
Testing lower body strength
Time frame: 6 weeks
Chair Stand Test
Testing lower body strength
Time frame: 12 weeks
Arm Curl Test
Testing upper body strength
Time frame: Baseline
Arm Curl Test
Testing upper body strength
Time frame: 6 weeks
Arm Curl Test
Testing upper body strength
Time frame: 12 weeks
Chair Sit and Reach Test
Testing lower body flexibility
Time frame: Baseline
Chair Sit and Reach Test
Testing lower body flexibility
Time frame: 6 weeks
Chair Sit and Reach Test
Testing lower body flexibility
Time frame: 12 weeks
Back Scratch Test
Testing upper body flexibility
Time frame: Baseline
Back Scratch Test
Testing upper body flexibility
Time frame: 6 weeks
Back Scratch Test
Testing upper body flexibility
Time frame: 12 weeks
8-Foot Up and Go Test
Testing agility
Time frame: Baseline
8-Foot Up and Go Test
Testing agility
Time frame: 6 weeks
8-Foot Up and Go Test
Testing agility
Time frame: 12 weeks
Quadriceps strength
A handheld dynamometer will be used to assess quadriceps strength.
Time frame: Baseline
Quadriceps strength
A handheld dynamometer will be used to assess quadriceps strength.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Quadriceps strength
A handheld dynamometer will be used to assess quadriceps strength.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Hamstring Strength.
A handheld dynamometer will be used to assess hamstring strength.
Time frame: Baseline
Hamstring Strength.
A handheld dynamometer will be used to assess hamstring strength.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Hamstring Strength.
A handheld dynamometer will be used to assess hamstring strength.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Aerobic Capacity
The six-minute walk test will be conducted to assess aerobic capacity.
Time frame: Baseline
Aerobic Capacity
The six-minute walk test will be conducted to assess aerobic capacity.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Aerobic Capacity
The six-minute walk test will be conducted to assess aerobic capacity.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Exercise Compliance
Participant's compliance to the training program will be measured using Quartrics, a web-based survey system. Participants will receive a verbal reminder from research assistants to attend training sessions.
Time frame: Baseline
Exercise Compliance
Participant's compliance to the training program will be measured using Quartrics, a web-based survey system. Participants will receive a verbal reminder from research assistants to attend training sessions.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Exercise Compliance
Participant's compliance to the training program will be measured using Quartrics, a web-based survey system. Participants will receive a verbal reminder from research assistants to attend training sessions.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Balance
The Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BEST) will be used to assess participant's ability to safely balance during a series of predetermined tasks.
Time frame: Baseline
Balance
The Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BEST) will be used to assess participant's ability to safely balance during a series of predetermined tasks.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Balance
The Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BEST) will be used to assess participant's ability to safely balance during a series of predetermined tasks.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Postural sway
Postural sway will be evaluated using a force plate, which is an instrument to measure static balance and dynamic balance. Postural sway will be assessed under both eyes opened and closed conditions.
Time frame: Baseline
Postural sway
Postural sway will be evaluated using a force plate, which is an instrument to measure static balance and dynamic balance. Postural sway will be assessed under both eyes opened and closed conditions.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Postural sway
Postural sway will be evaluated using a force plate, which is an instrument to measure static balance and dynamic balance. Postural sway will be assessed under both eyes opened and closed conditions.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Forward Version of Digit-Span Test
Forward Version of Digit-Span Test will be used to assess short-term memory. Score ranges from 0 to 14. The higher score indicates the better memory.
Time frame: Baseline
Forward Version of Digit-Span Test
Forward Version of Digit-Span Test will be used to assess short-term memory. Score ranges from 0 to 14. The higher score indicates the better memory.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Forward Version of Digit-Span Test
Forward Version of Digit-Span Test will be used to assess short-term memory. Score ranges from 0 to 14. The higher score indicates the better memory.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Backward Version of Digit-Span Test
Backward Version of Digit-Span Test will be used to assess short-term memory. Score ranges from 0 to 14. The higher score indicates the better memory.
Time frame: Baseline
Backward Version of Digit-Span Test
Backward Version of Digit-Span Test will be used to assess short-term memory. Score ranges from 0 to 14. The higher score indicates the better memory.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Backward Version of Digit-Span Test
Backward Version of Digit-Span Test will be used to assess short-term memory. Score ranges from 0 to 14. The higher score indicates the better memory.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Executive Function
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Digit-Symbol-Coding will be used to assess the executive function. The score ranges from 0 to 133. The higher score indicate the better executive function.
Time frame: Baseline
Executive Function
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Digit-Symbol-Coding will be used to assess the executive function. The score ranges from 0 to 133. The higher score indicate the better executive function.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Executive Function
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Digit-Symbol-Coding will be used to assess the executive function. The score ranges from 0 to 133. The higher score indicate the better executive function.
Time frame: 12 weeks
Depression
The 17-item version of the English and Chinese Diabetes Distress Scale will be used to assess the mental health status. The mean item score ranges from 1 to 6. The mean item score of 3 or above (moderate distress) is considered as the level of distress worthy of clinical attention.
Time frame: Baseline
Depression
The 17-item version of the English and Chinese Diabetes Distress Scale will be used to assess the mental health status. The mean item score ranges from 1 to 6. The mean item score of 3 or above (moderate distress) is considered as the level of distress worthy of clinical attention.
Time frame: 6 weeks
Depression
The 17-item version of the English and Chinese Diabetes Distress Scale will be used to assess the mental health status. The mean item score ranges from 1 to 6. The mean item score of 3 or above (moderate distress) is considered as the level of distress worthy of clinical attention.
Time frame: 12 weeks
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