The study aims to investigate the effects of different visuomotor training programs on children's visuomotor skills and handwriting performance.
The purpose of this project is to investigate the effectiveness of visuomotor activities with different activity materials on fine motor, visual perception, visual-motor integration and handwriting performance of kindergarten children. Kindergarteners will be randomized into the three groups: control, Chinese, and traditional groups. Children in the Chinese and traditional groups will receive a visual perceptual motor training program twice every week for 12 weeks and those in the control group will not receive any intervention during the study period. in the end of fall semester of the first grade, the effectiveness of the interventional programs on handwriting performance of participants will be examined again.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
180
this program includes visual-perceptual-motor play, paper-pencil activities, and ipad games using Chinese character as activity materials
this program includes play and paper-and-pencil activities, ipad games using commercial or self-designed stuffs as activity materials
National Cheng Kung University
Tainan, Taiwan
RECRUITINGThe Chinese Handwriting Test
the change of the handwriting performance
Time frame: baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
The Chinese character recognition Test
the change of the Chinese character recognition ability
Time frame: baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
The Chinese Handwriting Evaluation Form (preschool version)
the change of handwriting performance by kindergarten teacher's rating
Time frame: baseline, after 12-week intervention
The Chinese Handwriting Evaluation Form (School-aged version)
the change of handwriting skills by teacher's rating
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
The Battery of Chinese Basic Literacy
the change of reading and handwriting skills
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Test of Visual Perceptual Skills-Fourth Edition (TVPS-4)
the change of visual perceptual skills
Time frame: baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2)
the change of fine motor skills
Time frame: baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year
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The Berry-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration- Forth Edition (VMI)
the change of VMI
Time frame: baseline, after 12-week intervention, through study completion, an average of 1 year