The goal of this randomized control trial is to clinical trial is to evaluate Many Ways of Being, an innovative sexual health promotion program focused on addressing rigid gender norms and promoting healthy relationships. The overall goal of the MWB program is to reduce incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and unplanned pregnancy and promote healthy, consensual, and violence-free relationships among youth. The primary research question we aim to answer through this study is: Among youth ages 15-19, does the Many Ways of Being program reduce unprotected sex (through consistent and correct use of condoms and contraceptives) compared to the a career readiness program, which does not include sexual health components? As part of the study, participants will be asked to: * Attend approximately 14 hours and 40 minutes of programming completed over 4-8 weeks * Complete baseline, post-intervention, and 9-month follow-up surveys * For select participants who received the MWB program, participate in an optional focus group discussion The local evaluation will focus on the impact of the entire MWB intervention, as compared to a similar-length control program focused on career readiness.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
700
The Many Ways of Being program is a gender-synchronous program informed by Equimundo's existing single-gender Manhood 2.0 and Sisterhood 2.0 programs. The curriculum is designed to shift unequal gender attitudes and behaviors and provide skill-building on maintaining healthy relationships, making healthy and informed decisions around sex, and avoiding risky sexual behaviors.
Youth enrolled in the control condition will receive a career readiness curriculum, either International Youth Foundation's Passport to Success, LAYC's Next Generation program or LAYC's Career Readiness Curriculum, depending on the site and implementation period. These programs equip young people with a range of professional, employment readiness, and practical skills that will help them stay in school and acquire the education, professional skills, employment
LAYC's Teen Center
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, United States
RECRUITINGCondomless sex (measure 1)
Vaginal or anal sex without a condom in the past 3 months (yes/no). Yes if had vaginal or anal sex in the past 3 months and did not use a condom "all the time". No if did not have sex or used a condom "all the time".
Time frame: 9 months following program completion
Unprotected vaginal sex (measure 2)
Vaginal sex without any contraception (including condom) in the past 3 months (yes/no) Yes if had sex in the past 3 months and did not use a contraceptive "all the time". No if did not have sex or used a contraceptive "all the time".
Time frame: 9 months following program completion
Sexual agency
The respondent reported that they communicated what they "liked, disliked, or wanted to try" "all" or "most" of the time and that they asked what their partner "liked, disliked, or wanted to try" "all" or "most" of the time when participating in any sexual activity (including sexual touching) in the past 3 months OR respondent was not sexually active in the past 3 months. (yes/no)
Time frame: 9 months following program completion
Knowledge related to healthy relationships
Able to identify healthy and unhealthy relationship scenarios (% correct out of 7 items)
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Knowledge related to sexual and reproductive health (measure 1)
Knowledge of contraceptive methods (% correct out of 4 items)
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Knowledge related to sexual and reproductive health (measure 2)
Knowledge of STIs (% correct out of 5 items)
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Knowledge related to sexual and reproductive health (measure 3)
Able to identify sexual consent (% correct out of 4 items)
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Intentions to practice sexual health promoting behaviors (measure 1)
Intends to use contraception ("Yes, definitely") if chooses to have sex in the future
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Intentions to practice sexual health promoting behaviors (measure 2)
Intends to use condoms ("Yes, definitely") if chooses to have sex in the future
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Intentions to practice sexual health promoting behaviors (measure 3)
Intends to visit a health care provider for SRH services in the next 12 months (yes/no "Yes, definitely" vs other responses)
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Self-efficacy to practice sexual health promoting behaviors (measure 1)
Know where to go to get birth control (yes/no "Yes, definitely" vs other responses)
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Self-efficacy to practice sexual health promoting behaviors (measure 2)
Know where to go to get STI testing/ treatment (yes/no "Yes, definitely" versus other responses)
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Self-efficacy to practice sexual health promoting behaviors (measure 3)
Level of comfort going to a provider for services or approaching a trusted adult for information about SRH (4-item Likert scale).
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Self-efficacy to practice sexual health promoting behaviors (measure 4)
Self-reported ability to communicate with partners about consent, sex, and contraception (5-item Likert scale). Three items draw from Upadhyay UD et al. Development and Validation of the Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults. J Adolesc Health. 2021 Jan;68(1):86-94.
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Positive attitudes around gender
Gender-equitable attitudes scale (7-item Likert scale)
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Positive attitudes around sexual health (measure 1)
Self-love subscale from Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment Scale (4-item Likert scale). Citation: Upadhyay UD et al. Development and Validation of the Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults. J Adolesc Health. 2021 Jan;68(1):86-94.
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
Positive attitudes around sexual health (measure 2)
Sexual pleasure subscale from Sexual Reproductive Empowerment Scale (3-item Likert scale). Citation: Upadhyay UD et al. Development and Validation of the Sexual and Reproductive Empowerment Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults. J Adolesc Health. 2021 Jan;68(1):86-94.
Time frame: Immediately post-program and 9 months following program completion
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