The goal of this observational study is to build on our previous work to further characterise the phenotype of superlean individuals (BMI \< 18.5) when compared to normal BMI people (BMI 21.5 to 25). This will include characterising the body composition, food intake behaviour, circulating hormone levels, genetics and characteristics of the gut microbiota. The investigators expect to recruit up to 200 healthy superlean and control volunteers respectively,
The focus of this work is to characterise the phenotype and genotype of individuals who have low BMI ( \< 18.5) but are otherwise healthy and do not have eating disorders. The investigators term this group 'superlean' individuals. The study is observational and the investigators aim to establish a healthy superlean cohort,and use the combined metagenomic and metabolomic multi-omics analysis techniques, combined with imaging and physiological measurements, to focus on the correlation between gut microbiota characteristics and metabolism in superlean population. The investigators expect to recruit up to 200 healthy superlean and control volunteers (BMI 21.5 to 25) respectively, to explore the microbiota characteristics and differences between control and healthy superlean populations by measuring the basic physical indicators and metabolic parameters. This will include analyzing the postprandial hormonal changes, appetite differences, and changes in the gut microbiome and serum metabolome in the two groups of volunteers, establishing the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolite and metabolic phenotypes of the body, and exploring the gut microbiota.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
104
Observation of food intake, body composition, microbiota, genetics, metabolic rate, metabolomics.
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology,
Shenzhen, China
Weight
Volunteers will be asked to fast for 10 hours and measured fasting weight.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured on arrival.
Height
Height will be measured by seca 217 stable stadiometer.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured on arrival.
Waist circumferences
Waist circumferences will be measured using a whole body laser scanner.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured on arrival.
Hip circumferences
Hip circumferences will be measured using a whole body laser scanner.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured on arrival.
Bone mineral density
Bone mineral density will be measured by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (Horizon Wi).
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured on arrival.
Fat mass
Fat mass will be measured by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Shanghai united imaging, uMR 790 ).
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured on arrival.
Fat free mass
Fat free mass will be measured by Bioimpedance Analysis (Tanita, MC-980).
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured on arrival.
Blood pressure
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured using an Omron sphygmomanometer.
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Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured on arrival.
Glucose
Fasting and post-prandial glucose after a standard meal will be recorded by the continuous glucose monitoring system.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be recorded for a consecutive of 7 days.
Body temperature
Body temperature will be measured before and after feeding using a thermal imaging camera.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured before and after feeding.
Resting energy expenditure
The measurement of resting energy expenditure will be performed using indirect calorimetry.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured on arrival.
Physical activity
Physical activity of the participants will be recorded using GT3X monitor for a consecutive of 7 days.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be recorded for a consecutive of 7 days.
Body shape
Body shape will be measured using a whole body laser scanner.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured on arrival.
Energy intake
Response on standard feeding table, the food consumption will be recorded continuously by balances underneath each food dish. The total energy intake will be calculated in KJ (kilojoule).
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured on arrival.
Circulating hormones
Levels of circulating hormones (including leptin, insulin, ghrelin etc) will be measured when fasted and after a standard intervention meal. Levels of circulating hormones in the serum will be measured by ELISA (Bio Tek, Synergy4) in mmol/L.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured after standard intervention meal.
Microbiome
Abundance of gut microbiome will be from Metagenomic profiling of feces by Illumina.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured after samples collected.
Metabolites
Abundance of metabolites will be from metabolomic profiling of serum and feces by LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry).
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured after samples collected.
Genetics
Polymorphic variation will be assessed in a panel of SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) previously linked to body composition and physical activity using a Mass array sequencer.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 2 years, will be measured after samples collected.