The aim of this study is to examine the effects of practicing pranayam (voluntary regulated breathing) and yogasana (standing poses of yoga) with subject education on vital capacity, respiratory muscle strength, spinal flexibility, body awareness, quality of life and nicotine dependence of smokers and non-smokers.
When initial assesments will be completed, volunteers will be assigned to one of two possible sequences by their nicotine dependency. Smokers group (SG) or control group (CG). All volunteers will receive an exercise program with Asana and Pranayam practices with the duration of 4 weeks. All subjects will be assessed in terms of functional capacity, pulmonary functions, thoracic spine range of motion, postural analysis, respiratory muscle strength, body awareness, quality of life and nicotine dependence at the baseline and at the end of the study. Data will be collected from all the subjects at baseline and at the end of the study (4 weeks) by the same physiotherapist who also will supervise the exercise sessions.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
32
Yogasana training will be comprised of active movements when standing. Spine and limbs stretches eccentrically respecting the movement patterns of body without pushing limits. Transition in between poses will be synchronized with breathing pattern in zero resistance flow. The exercises will be done 2 days a week online under the supervision of physiotherapist. Total duration of standing poses training will last for 4 weeks.
Breathing exercises will be comprised of diaphragmatic breathing, holding the breath after inhaling deeply and exhaling passively or exhaling actively by contracting abdominal muscles and inhaling passively. The exercises will be done 2 days a week online under the supervision of physiotherapist. Total duration of breathing exercises will last for 4 weeks.
Fizyoram Physiotherapy Counseling Center
Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence
Nicotine dependence will be evaluated with this test
Time frame: 4 weeks
Thoracic Spine Range of Motion
Thoracic spinal elasticity will be evaluated with measuring rotational range of motion of T1-T2 spine using iPhone compass app. A strong and significant correlation was found between the Universel Goniometer and the Compass app by Furness et al. (2018), demonstrating good concurrent validity.
Time frame: 4 weeks
Pulmonary Function Tests
Medical International Research Spirodoc® Spiro spirometry will be used to evaluate pulmonary functions of volunteers.
Time frame: 4 weeks
Respiratory Muscle Strength
The Micro Medical Micro RPM respiratory pressure meter will be used to evaluate respiratory muscle strength.
Time frame: 4 weeks
New York Posture Rating Chart
Different parts of body will be screened by the physiotherapist and observation data will be used to evaluate volunteers posture.
Time frame: 4 weeks
World Health Organization Quality of Life Assesment (WHOQOL-BREF)
Turkish version of WHOQOL-BREF will be used in this study as given by WHO. This questionnaire will be used to provide numerical data on Quality of Life assesments of the volunteers.
Time frame: 4 weeks
Body Awareness Questionnaire(BAQ)
Body Awareness Questionnaire(BAQ) will be used to provide numerical data on subjects body awareness. A Turkish validity study of BAQ was performed by Karaca and it's valid as well as reliable.
Time frame: 4 weeks
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The aim of the education is to increase awareness of subjects who are chronical smokers. The subject education will be performed at least once via face to face interview. Education topics will be covered basic information about harmful effects of habitual smoking and how to reduce the side effects of nicotine withdrawal.