COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, has a devastating effect on human lives, including over 6.6 million death as of November 2022. Furthermore, many individuals continue to experience persisting sequelae after the initial infection. Little is known about the impact of undergoing COVID-19 hospitalisation. Hence, the investigators propose an observational longitudinal study in a cohort of COVID-19 survivors after hospital discharge, to examine their perspectives on their health, health-related quality of life, and persistence of common COVID-19 symptoms, such as fatigue, dyspnoea and anxiety. Potential influencing socio-demographic and biological factors will additionally assessed.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
835
Of COVID-19 patients
Medisch Spectrum Twente
Enschede, Overijssel, Netherlands
General health perception
measured by Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36)
Time frame: at 12 months after hospital discharge
Health-related quality of life
measured by Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36). Physical role limitations, bodily pain, general health perceptions vitality, social functioning, emotional role limitations and mental health. Min=0, Max=100 where higher scores indicate better health outcomes
Time frame: at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months
Health Status
measured by EuroQol 5d(EQ-5D). Mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Min = 1, Max = 5, where higher scores indicate worse health outcomes.
Time frame: at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months
Health Status Scale
Measured by EQ Visual Analogue Scale for self-rated health. Min = 0, Max = 100, where higher scores indicate better health outcomes.
Time frame: at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months
Positive Health
measured by my Positive Health\]): Min = 0, Max = 10, where higher scores indicate better health outcomes
Time frame: at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months
Incidence, severity and course of Fatique
measured by Short Fatique Questionnaire; min = 4, max = 28, higher scores indicating worse fatigue\]
Time frame: at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months
Incidence, severity and course of Dyspnoea
measured by modified Mental Research Council (mMRC) scale; min = 1, max = 6, higher scores indicating worse dyspnoea
Time frame: at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months
Incidence, severity and course of Sleep
measured by unvalidated single-item question min = 1, max = 5, higher scores indicating worse sleep
Time frame: at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months
Incidence, severity and course of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
measured by PTSD checklist for th DSM-5 (PCL-5) COVID-19 version
Time frame: at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months
Experience sampling study measuring fatigue
Fatigue (physical, and mental), 1-7, as single-item with higher scores indicating worse health outcomes
Time frame: Six times a day over 14 days
Experience sampling study measuring dyspnoea
Dyspnoea (1 - 7), as single-item with higher scores indicating worse health outcomes
Time frame: Six times a day over 14 days
Experience sampling study measuring cognitive functioning
cognitive functioning, 0 - 10, as single-item with higher scores indicating worse health outcomes
Time frame: Six times a day over 14 days
Experience sampling study measuring pain
pain (headache, joint pain, chest pain or discomfort, and pain elsewhere/non-specific; 0 - 10, as single-item with higher scores indicating worse health outcomes
Time frame: Six times a day over 14 days
Experience sampling study measuring severity and daily course of positive and negative affect
Positive (excited, relaxed, satisfied, thankful, and happy) and negative (anxious, gloomy, sad, irritable, and disappointed) affect (all single-items; 1 - 7, higher scores indicating better and worse outcomes for positive and negative affect respectively
Time frame: Six times a day over 14 days
Experience sampling study measuring daily activity
Type of activity just before measurement; o Options: 1: nothing; 2: strenuous relaxation (for example walking, riding a bike, gardening); 3: passive relaxation (for example watching television, reading a book); 4: sleeping or resting; 5: Work/study; 6: household chores; 7: Eating/drinking; 8: self-care (for example bodily hygiene, medication); 9: On the go; 10: social interaction; 11: Something else, namely…
Time frame: Six times a day over 14 days
Experience sampling study measuring sleep
Sleep (quality and duration) ; single-item; How many hours of sleep did you get last night?
Time frame: Once a day for 14 days
Experience sampling study measuring naps
naps (frequency and duration; single-item
Time frame: Once a day for 14 days
Experience sampling study measuring health status
Self-reported health status (EQ-VAS of the EQ-5D-5L; 0 - 100; higher scores indicating better health outcomes)
Time frame: Once a day for 14 days
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