The FACE self-help app is an online intervention for young adults with Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). It was developed based on well-established cognitive-behavioural therapy principles. The self-help app contains two components, one targeting emotion regulation (ER), the other social information processing (SIP).
The FACE self-help app is an online intervention for young adults with Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). It was developed based on well-established cognitive-behavioural therapy principles. The self-help app contains two components, one targeting emotion regulation (ER), the other social information processing (SIP). The goal of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of the FACE self-help app, which aims to foster resilience and improve well-being by enhancing emotion regulation, social skills and minimizing biases in social information processing. The primary objective is to examine the efficacy of the FACE self-help app for improving resilience and well-being in young adults with a history of ACEs compared to a waiting list control group and to examine the stability of a possible effect. Secondary objectives are to test 1. the differential efficacy of the self- and emotion regulation and the social skills and social information processing component 2. the effects of the FACE self-help app on real life data in affective states, social interactions, the use of coping strategies and state resilience. To assess real life data, additionally to questionnaires (Q), an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) will be conducted in three one-week episodes, with 6 daily assessments each. Procedures: After giving informed consent, participants will receive the online questionnaires and one week of EMA (t0, week 1). Then, participants will be randomly assigned to either the intervention or waiting list control group. Within the intervention group, participants are randomly assigned to start with the ER or SIP component. After 5 weeks of using the first component of the FACE self-help app, participants fill out the intermediate measure (t1, week 7). After another week of EMA, the next component (ER or SIP) of the self-help app is available for 5 weeks. Subsequently, the post-measurement and the last EMA period start (t2, week 13). This results in a total intervention period of 11 weeks. A follow-up measure will be conducted after another 11 weeks (t4, week 25). Participants will receive online guidance from trained e-coaches.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
167
The FACE self-help app was developed based on well-established non-invasive psychological principles that have been used in other web-based self-help interventions. The app consists of two component, emotion regulation and social information processing/social skills with four modules each. Each module includes readings describing scientific knowledge about ACEs and ACEs related topics, as well as exercises to encourage participants to actively reflect on what was learned in the readings and to apply their knowledge and practice skills. Each module is divided in several submodules that include readings and exercises.
University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland
Olten, Canton of Solothurn, Switzerland
Resilience
Resilience will be assessed with the German version (Sarubin et al., 2015) of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) (Connor \& Davidson, 2003). The scale contains 10 items that are rated on a 5-point scale from 0 - Not true at all to 4 - True nearly all the time. A higher score indicates more resilience.
Time frame: at week 13, t2 (post-measurement)
Well-being
Well-being will be assessed with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) (Tennant et al., 2007). The scale contains 14 items that are rated on a 5-point scale from 1 - never to 5 - always. A higher score indicates better well-being.
Time frame: at week 13, t2 (post-measurement)
Emotion Regulation
Self-Efficacy for Managing Emotions will be assessed with the PROMIS Short Form v1.0 - Self-Efficacy for Managing Emotions (PROMIS, 2022). The scale contains 7 items that are rated on a 5-point scale from 1 - never to 5 - always. A higher score indicates better emotion regulation skills.
Time frame: at week 13, t2 (post-measurement)
Fear of Negative Evaluation
Fear of Negative Evaluation will be assessed with the German short version of the fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (SANB-5) (Kemper et al., 2012). The scale contains 5 items that are rated on a 4-point likert scale from 1 - almost never true to 4- almost always true. A higher score indicates more fear of negative evaluation.
Time frame: at week 13, t2 (post-measurement)
Social Avoidance
Social avoidance will be assessed with the subscale social-behavioral avoidance from the German version of the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale (KBVS) (Röthlin et al., 2010). The subscale contains 8 items that are rated on a 5-point likert scale from 1 - not at all applicable for me to 5 - absolutely applicable for me. A higher score indicates more social avoidance.
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Time frame: at week 13, t2 (post-measurement)
Problem-Solving
Problem-solving will be assessed with German version (Graf, 2003) of the short form of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R) (D'Zurilla et al., 2002).The scale contains 25 items that are rated on a 5-point scale from 0 - not at all true to 4 - extremely true. The scale contains 5 subscales: positive problem orientation, negative problem orientation, rational problem-solving, impulsive style, avoidance style. A higher score indicates a higher orientation on each subscale.
Time frame: at week 13, t2 (post-measurement)
Self-Esteem
Self-esteem will be assessed with the German version (Collani \& Herzberg, 2003) of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). The scale contains 10 items that are rated on a 4-point scale from 1 - not at all true to 4 - extremely true. A higher score indicates more self-esteem.
Time frame: at week 13, t2 (post-measurement)
Stability of improvement in well-being
Well-being will be assessed with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) (Tennant et al., 2007). The scale contains 14 items that are rated on a 5-point scale from 1 - never to 4 - always. A higher score indicates better well-being.
Time frame: at week 24, t4 (follow-up)
Stability of improvement in emotion regulation
Self-Efficacy for Managing Emotions will be assessed with the PROMIS Short Form v1.0 - Self-Efficacy for Managing Emotions (PROMIS, 2022). The scale contains 7 items that are rated on a 5-point scale from 1 - never to 5 - always. A higher score indicates better emotion regulation skills.
Time frame: at week 24, t4 (follow-up)
Stability of decrease in fear of negative evaluation
Fear of Negative Evaluation will be assessed with the German short version of the fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (SANB-5) (Kemper et al., 2012). The scale contains 5 items that are rated on a 4-point likert scale from 1 - almost never true to 4- almost always true. A higher score indicates more fear of negative evaluation.
Time frame: at week 24, t4 (follow-up)
Stability of decrease in social avoidance
Social avoidance will be assessed with the subscale social-behavioral avoidance from the German version of the cognitive-behavioral avoidance scale (KBVS) (Röthlin et al., 2010). The subscale contains 8 items that are rated on a 5-point likert scale from 1 - not at all applicable for me to 5 - absolutely applicable for me. A higher score indicates more social avoidance.
Time frame: at week 24, t4 (follow-up)
Stability of improvement in problem-solving
Problem-solving will be assessed with German version (Graf, 2003) of the short form of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R) (D'Zurilla et al., 2002). The scale contains 25 items that are rated on a 5-point scale from 0 - not at all true to 4 - extremely true. The scale contains 5 subscales: positive problem orientation, negative problem orientation, rational problem-solving, impulsive style, avoidance style. A higher score indicates a higher orientation on each subscale.
Time frame: at week 24, t4 (follow-up)
Stability of improvement in self-esteem
Self-esteem will be assessed with the German version (Collani \& Herzberg, 2003) of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). The scale contains 10 items that are rated on a 4-point scale from 1 - not at all true to 4 - extremely true. A higher score indicates more self-esteem.
Time frame: at week 24, t4 (follow-up)
Stability of improvement in resilience
Resilience will be assessed with the German version (Sarubin et al., 2015) of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) (Connor \& Davidson, 2003). The scale contains 10 items that are rated on a 5-point scale from 0 - Not true at all to 4 - True nearly all the time. A higher score indicates more resilience.
Time frame: at week 24, t4 (follow-up)