This randomized control trial study aims to compare the effect of core stability exercises and cognitive tasks with general exercises and cognitive tasks on pain, disability, and postural control strategies of chronic non-specific low back pain patients. The main questions are: 1. Are core stability exercises and cognitive tasks more effective than general exercises and cognitive tasks in reducing the pain of chronic non-specific low back pain patients? 2. Are core stability exercises and cognitive tasks more effective than general exercises and cognitive tasks in reducing the disability of chronic non-specific low back pain patients? 3. Are core stability exercises and cognitive tasks more effective than general exercises and cognitive tasks in improving postural stability parameters of chronic non-specific low back pain patients? 4. Are core stability exercises and cognitive tasks more effective than general exercises and cognitive tasks in improving stabilogram diffusion analysis parameters of chronic non-specific low back pain patients? This study is designed to apply two exercise protocols on two groups of 17 people with non-specific back pain. Group A will receive core stability exercises along with cognitive tasks, and group B will receive general exercises along with cognitive tasks.
Patients will be aged between 18-50 years. All patients meeting the inclusion criteria will receive 16 training sessions (thrice a week). The primary outcome measure will be pain and disability. Secondary outcome measures will be postural control strategies (including postural control stability and stabilogram diffusion analysis), quality of life, fear of movement, and fear-avoidance beliefs that will be assessed before and after training sessions and at 3-month follow-up; only primary outcomes will be evaluated in each group.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
48
Exercise therapy is one of the rehabilitation methods that is defined as a regimen or plan of physical activities designed and prescribed to facilitate the patient's recovery from diseases and any conditions which disturb their movement and activity of daily life or maintain a state of well-being through neuro re-education, gait training, and therapeutic exercises.
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic Of), Iran
RECRUITINGOswestry Disability Index
Questionnaire evaluating the level of disability. Total score range from 0-100 (higher scores mean more disability)
Time frame: "Baseline (pre-intervention)", "change from baseline immediately after the intervention at five weeks ", "change from baseline at three months "
Center of pressure (COP) sway range for anteroposterior (AP range)
AP range is one kind of COP displacement evaluation method characterized as traditional linear measures for evaluating postural control stability.
Time frame: "Baseline (pre-intervention)", "change from baseline immediately after the intervention at five weeks "
COP sway range for mediolateral (MA range)
MA range is one kind of COP displacement evaluation method characterized as traditional linear measures for evaluating postural control stability.
Time frame: "Baseline (pre-intervention)", "change from baseline immediately after the intervention at five weeks "
COP sway velocity
COP sway velocity is one kind of COP displacement evaluation method characterized as traditional linear measures for evaluating postural control stability.
Time frame: "Baseline (pre-intervention)", "change from baseline immediately after the intervention at five weeks "
Sway area
Sway area is one kind of COP displacement evaluation method characterized as traditional linear measures for evaluating postural control stability.
Time frame: "Baseline (pre-intervention)", "change from baseline immediately after the intervention at five weeks "
Short-term diffusion coefficient of stabilogram diffusion plot
The short-term diffusion coefficient is the slope of the open-loop part of the stabilogram diffusion plot, indicating stochastic activity in open loop control phase in a quiet standing position.
Time frame: "Baseline (pre-intervention)", "change from baseline immediately after the intervention at five weeks "
Long-term diffusion coefficient of stabilogram diffusion plot
The long-term diffusion coefficient is the slope of the close loop part of the stabilogram diffusion plot, indicating stochastic activity in the immediate loop control phase in the quiet standing position.
Time frame: "Baseline (pre-intervention)", "change from baseline immediately after the intervention at five weeks "
Critical point coordinates.
Critical point coordinates are the estimated values of the time intervals and mean square displacements defining the stabilogram-diffusion critical points (the point that open-loop control changed to close loop control)
Time frame: "Baseline (pre-intervention)", "change from baseline immediately after the intervention at five weeks "
12-item short form health survey
Questionnaire evaluating the quality of life. Total score range from 0-100 (higher scores mean better quality of life)
Time frame: "Baseline (pre-intervention)", "change from baseline immediately after the intervention at five weeks "
Tampa scale for kinesiophobia
Questionnaire evaluating the kinesiophobia because of feeling re-injury. Total score range from 17-68 (higher scores mean more kinesiophobia)
Time frame: "Baseline (pre-intervention)", "change from baseline immediately after the intervention at five weeks "
Fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire
Questionnaire evaluating fear of pain and consequent avoidance of physical activity because of their fear. Total score range from 0-66 (higher scores mean more fear of pain)
Time frame: "Baseline (pre-intervention)", "change from baseline immediately after the intervention at five weeks "
Visual analog scale
Questionnaire evaluating pain intensity. Total score range from 0-10 (higher scores mean more pain)
Time frame: "Baseline (pre-intervention)", "change from baseline immediately after the intervention at five weeks ", "change from baseline at three months "
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