A pilot study, examining the effect of repeated transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (rTMS) on the formation of memories with negative valence. The investigators hypothesize that an effective rTMS protocol to reduce memory performance for adverse events can be found.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
105
rTMS using cTBS protocol with the following characteristics: * Frequency: trains of 50 Hz (3 pulses) every 200ms (frequency of 5 Hz, in the range of theta band) * Intensity: 80% of resting motor threshold (rMT) * Location: consecutively on the left and right temporo-occipital cortex (MNI coordinates: left hemisphere: -50, -72, 4; right hemisphere:50, -66, 0) * Duration: 40 seconds for each hemisphere, 80 seconds in total. * Timing: Immediately before viewing pictures in pictorial memory task (off-line)
rTMS using cTBS protocol with the following characteristics: * Frequency: trains of 50 Hz (3 pulses) every 200ms (frequency of 5 Hz, in the range of theta band) * Intensity: 0% * Location: consecutively on the left and right temporo-occipital cortex (MNI coordinates: left hemisphere: -50, -72, 4; right hemisphere:50, -66, 0) * Duration: 40 seconds for each hemisphere, 80 seconds in total. * Timing: Immediately before viewing pictures in pictorial memory task (off-line)
University of Basel, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience
Basel, Canton of Basel-City, Switzerland
memory recall performance
The difference between valence specific (negative, positive, and neutral) memory performance as assessed by a standard picture recall episodic memory task.
Time frame: On average 1 hour after intervention
Working memory performance
Working memory performance measured by n-back task
Time frame: On average 1 hour after intervention
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rTMS using cTBS protocol with the following characteristics: * Frequency: trains of 50 Hz (3 pulses) every 200ms (frequency of 5 Hz, in the range of theta band) * Intensity: 80% of resting motor threshold (rMT) * Location: Right superior frontal cortex * Duration: 40 seconds for each hemisphere, 80 seconds in total. * Timing: Immediately before viewing pictures in pictorial memory task (off-line)
rTMS using high frequency protocol with the following characteristics: * Frequency: 20 Hz * Intensity: 120% of rMT for rMT \< 54% \& 65% of MSO for rMT ≥ 54% * Location: temporo-occipital cortex of the dominant brain hemisphere * Duration: 20 minutes, continuously * Timing: During the pictorial memory task (on-line) 1 second stimulation and 14 seconds inter-train interval for 76 trains resulting in a total of 1520 pulses.
rTMS using Low frequency protocol with the following characteristics: * Frequency: 1 Hz * Intensity: 110% of rMT * Location: temporo-occipital cortex of dominant brain hemisphere (MNI left hemisphere: -50, -72, 4; right hemisphere:50, -66, 0) * Duration: 30 minutes, continuously * Timing: Starting 10 minutes before and continuing during the picture viewing and valence rating of the pictures of the memory task (on-line).
* Frequency: 20 Hz * Intensity: 10% of MSO * Location: temporo-occipital cortex of the dominant brain hemisphere * Duration: 20 minutes, continuously * Timing: During the pictorial memory task (on-line) 1 second stimulation and 14 seconds inter-train interval for 76 trains resulting in a total of 1520 pulses.
* Frequency: 20 Hz * Intensity: 120% of rMT for rMT \< 54% \& 65% of MSO for rMT ≥ 54% * Location: right superior frontal cortex of the dominant brain hemisphere * Duration: 20 minutes, continuously * Timing: During the pictorial memory task (on-line) 1 second stimulation and 14 seconds inter-train interval for 76 trains resulting in a total of 1520 pulses.
* Frequency: 1 Hz * Intensity: 110% of rMT * Location: Right superior frontal cortex of the dominant brain hemisphere * Duration: 6 minutes * Timing: Starting 1 minutes before and continuing during the memory task (Online)
* Bilateral continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) 30 Hz: * Frequency: trains of 30 Hz (3 pulses) every 167 ms (frequency of 6 Hz, in the range of theta band) * Intensity: 100% of resting motor threshold (rMT) * Location: consecutively on right superior frontal cortex * Duration: 33.3 seconds for each side * Timing: Immediately before pictorial memory task (off-line)
* Bilateral continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) 30 Hz: * Frequency: trains of 30 Hz (3 pulses) every 167 ms (frequency of 6 Hz, in the range of theta band) * Intensity: 100% of resting motor threshold (rMT) * Location: consecutively on left and right temporo-occipital cortex * Duration: 33.3 seconds for each side * Timing: Immediately before pictorial memory task (off-line)