The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exercise at different temperatures on nasal blood flow and symptoms in allergic rhinitis patients.
Fifteen patients with allergic rhinitis aged between 18 and 35 years who had a positive skin prick test to house dust mite (D. pteronyssinus). The experiment was a crossover design in which each participant was given aerobic exercise by ergometer in two difference temperatures room : 25 degree celsius and 34 degree celsius. Rhinitis symptoms, nasal blood flow, heart rate, and oxygen saturation were measured before, during exercise at 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and after exercise at 0, 15 and 30 minutes in each temperature. Moreover, blood pressure, peak nasal inspiratory flow, pulmonary functions, respiratory muscle strength, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide were measured before and after exercise at 0, 15 and 30 minutes in each temperature.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
15
The participants received a aerobic exercise of cycling for 60 minutes in room temperature at 25 degree Celsius.
The participants received a aerobic exercise of cycling for 60 minutes in room temperature at 34 degree Celsius.
Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University
Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
Rhinitis symptom scores change
Nasal symptoms were assessed using Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) questionnaire. The subjects were asked to score symptoms of persistent allergic rhinitis before, during exercise at 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and after exercise at 0, 15 and 30 minutes in each temperature. The total nasal symptom scores were computed as the sum of four individual nasal symptom scores; nasal congestion, itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea. The scores ranged from 0 to 3 scale (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3= severe)
Time frame: Change among before, during exercise at 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and after exercise at 0, 15 and 30 minutes in each temperature.
Nasal blood flow change
Laser Doppler flowmetry (DRT4 moor instrument, UK.) was used to measure of the nasal blood flow (NBF). A lateral endoscopic probe with a flexible nylon sheath 1.34-mm-diameter flexible nylon sheath was placed to the front of the nose. Nasal blood flow measurements were performed before, during exercise at 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and after exercise at 0, 15 and 30 minutes in each temperature.
Time frame: Change among before, during exercise at 15, 30, and 45 minutes, and after exercise at 0, 15 and 30 minutes in each temperature.
Peak nasal inspiratory flow change
he subjects placed a mask, which is turned onto a plastic cylinder through which the air passes during inspiration, over the nose and mouth and inspired forcefully through the nose, with lips tightly closed. Inside the cylinder, there is a diaphragm that moves to the airflow, and the maximum peak flow is registered in a scale range from 30-370 L/min. During the procedure, the subjects placed a mask over the nose and mouth and inspired forcefully through the nose, with lips tightly closed.
Time frame: Change before and after exercise at 0, 15 and 30 minutes in each temperature.
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide
Participants inhaled deeply for two to three seconds before exhaling slowly. Normally, it took 10 seconds to exhale.
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Time frame: Change before and after exercise at 0, 15 and 30 minutes in each temperature.
Pulmonary functions change
The participants were asked to wear a nose clip while sitting on a chair, and the researcher gave the participants the step-by-step protocol to prevent an incorrect maneuver. For the FVC maneuver, three cycles of slow normal breathing were performed before demonstrating forced inspiration and expiration.
Time frame: Change before and after exercise at 0, 15 and 30 minutes in each temperature.
Respiratory muscle strength change
Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by measuring Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP) in cmH2O. The participants were in a sitting position using a portable handheld mouth pressure meter (i.e., MicroRPM) with a nose clip. For the MIP measurement, the participants were asked to exhale until they felt no air remaining in their lungs (starting with the functional residual capacity \[FRC\] point), then held the device on their mouth and inhaled forcefully for 1-2 seconds. For the MEP measurement, the participants were asked to inhale until their lungs were completely filled with air (starting with the total lung capacity \[TLC\] point), then they kept the device on their mouth and exhaled forcefully for 1-2 seconds
Time frame: Change before and after exercise at 0, 15 and 30 minutes in each temperature.