The goal of this observational study is to characterize the standardized stimulation parameter for noninvasive, transcutaneous, repetitive phrenic nerve electrical stimulation. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Is the phrenic nerve repetitive electrical stimulation test feasible for use as non-invasive transcutaneous electrical stimulation? * What is the most optimal stimulation parameters for repetitive phrenic nerve electrical stimulation in healthy adult populations in terms of effective and safe activation of diaphragm?
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
12
Phrenic nerve electrical stimulation with different stimulation intensity and frequency
Seoul National University Hospital
Seoul, South Korea
Phrenic nerve compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude (mV)
∙ CMAP Amplitude (mV)
Time frame: Baseline
∙ Phrenic nerve compound muscle action potential (CMAP) duration (ms)
∙ CMAP duration (ms)
Time frame: Baseline
∙ Phrenic nerve compound muscle action potential (CMAP) area (mV∙ms)
∙ CMAP area (mV∙ms)
Time frame: Baseline
Respiratory function
∙ Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP)
Time frame: Baseline
Diaphragmatic function
∙ Baseline diaphragm thickness
Time frame: Baseline
Diaphragmatic function
∙ Diaphragm thickening fraction percent: the difference between diaphragm thickness at the end of inspiration (DTi) and at the end of expiration (DTe) divided by DTe × 100
Time frame: Baseline
Pain during phrenic stimulation
∙ Numeric rating scale (range: 0\~10): This scale ranges from 0 to 10 points, with higher scores indicating more severe pain.
Time frame: Baseline
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