Based on the literature review, care must be emphasized on aspects of self-strengthening or self-affirmation to reduce stress and fear and equip women with the ability to manage stress and fear due to negative thoughts. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of self-affirmation versus back massage on psychological distress and fear of birth among primigravid women in third trimester.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
80
Self-affirmation is non-pharmacological intervention which represents structured sentences to convey to the subconscious mind to help in reprogramming negative thoughts into positive ones. Massage is defined as systematic touch of soft tissues for therapeutic purposes, such as pain relief, increased comfort and patient's relaxation
Faculty of Nursing
Alexandria, Egypt
RECRUITINGPsychological Distress
The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) is a simple measure of psychological distress (Kessler et al., 2003). The K10 scale involves 10 questions about emotional states each with a five-level response scale. The measure can be used as a brief screen to identify levels of distress
Time frame: 2 months
Fear of childbirth
The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) is a standardized screening method for measuring fear of childbirth during pregnancy (Wijma et al., 1998).
Time frame: 2 months
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