A Study on Pathogenic Surveillance and Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Children and Adolescents Based on Hospitals and Communities in Hainan Province

Inclusion Criteria: * 1\. Case group: patients from fever clinics and pediatric wards Patients with at least one of the following will be clinically diagnosed with pneumonia and recommended for NP/OP, blood cultures, or induced sputum as clinically indicated (TB only or if performed routinely by the clinician), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF , according to clinical requirements), pleural effusion (according to clinical requirements), and chest X-ray examination: 1. Shortness of breath ( children \<2 months, respiratory rate ≥60 breaths/min; children ≥2 months to \<12 months, respiratory rate ≥50 breaths/min; children ≥12 months to \< 60 months, respiratory rate ≥40 breaths/min; Children ≥ 60 months to \< 120 months, respiratory rate \> 24 breaths/minute ) 2. Rales on lung auscultation 3. Respiratory symptoms and fever ( axillary temperature ≥ 37.5 ℃ or rectal temperature ≥ 38 ℃ ) * 2\. Control group The control group will be randomly selected from the community and frequency-matched 1:1 with the case group according to age group, sex and city. Exclusion Criteria: * 1\. Hospitalized within the first 14 days, or discharged as a case group within the first 30 days, and lived outside the research center area ; * 2\. People who affect the research results: patients cannot keep samples or the amount of samples is not enough for testing; * 3\. Can't cooperate well; * 4\. The researcher judges that it is not suitable to be included in this study .