Low-dose Baricitinib Plus High-dose Dexamethasone for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Immune Thrombocytopenia

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Confirmed newly-diagnosed, treatment-naive ITP; 2. A platelet count \<30,000/μL, or a platelet count \<50,000/μL with clinically significant bleeding symptoms (WHO bleeding scale 2 or above) at the enrollment; 3. Willing and able to sign written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Received chemotherapy or anticoagulants or other drugs affecting the platelet counts within 6 months before the screening visit; 2. Have a known diagnosis of other autoimmune diseases, established in the medical history and laboratory findings with positive results for the determination of antinuclear antibodies, anti-cardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant or direct Coombs test; 3. Active or a history of malignancy; 4. Pregnancy or lactation; 5. Received first-line and second-line ITP-modifying therapy; 6. Previously received corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents for non-ITP diseases within 6 months before enrollment; 7. A history of clinically significant adverse reactions to previous corticosteroid therapy; 8. Unstable or uncontrolled disease or condition related to or impacting cardiac function (e.g., unstable angina, congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension or cardiac arrhythmia); 9. Current or recent (\<4 weeks prior to screening) clinically serious viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection; 10. A history of symptomatic herpes zoster infection within 12 weeks prior to screening; 11. Active or chronic viral infection from hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); 12. Have evidence of active tuberculosis (TB), or have previously had evidence of active TB and did not receive appropriate and documented treatment, or have had household contact with a person with active TB and did not receive appropriate and documented prophylaxis for TB; 13. Have experienced a clinically significant thrombotic event within 24 weeks of screening or are on anticoagulants and in the opinion of the investigator are not well controlled; 14. Myocardial infarction (MI), unstable ischemic heart disease, stroke, or New York Heart Association Stage IV heart failure; 15. A history or presence of cardiovascular, respiratory, hepatic, gastrointestinal, endocrine, neurological, or neuropsychiatric disorders or any other serious and/or unstable illness that, in the opinion of the investigator, could constitute an unacceptable risk when taking investigational product or interfere with the interpretation of data; 16. Any of the following specific abnormalities on screening laboratory tests: 1\) ALT or AST \>2 x ULN, or total bilirubin ≥1.5 x ULN 2) hemoglobin \<9 g/dL, or total white blood cell (WBC) count \<2,500/µL, or neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count \<1,200/µL), or lymphopenia (lymphocyte count \<750/µL) 3) eGFR \<50 mL/min/1.73 m\^2.