Cognitive Reserve on Pain Catastrophizing and Cognitive Function in Geriatric Patients With Chronic Pain

Inclusion Criteria: * Aged 65 to 85 years * Experiencing chronic pain (≥3 months) attributable to osteoarthritis or neuropathic conditions * Able to read, write, and speak the language in which assessments are administered * Willing and able to provide informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disorder (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease) * History of significant head injury, stroke, or brain tumor * Current substance abuse or dependence * Severe psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) * Significant sensory or motor impairments that may interfere with the ability to complete assessments