This observational study aims to learn about the psychosocial risk factors of osteoporosis (OP) patients. The main question it aims to answer is: * Which biopsychosocial factors affect OP patients' fragility fracture risk regarding the health behaviour model? Participants will fulfil these forms below here; * Sociodemographic and Clinical Information Form, * Fragility Fracture Information Form * Medication Adherence Report Scale * Brief Illness Perception Scale * The Beliefs About the Medicines Scale-Specific * The Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction * Perceived Stress Scale * Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale * Brief Symptom Inventory - Depression and Anxiety * Health Behavior Assessment Scale
Osteoporosis (OP) is a disease characterized by decreased bone density and deterioration of bone microarchitecture. Fracture risk, which is one of the most negative disease experiences faced by OP patients, can be seen in many parts of the body in the later stages of the disease. The necessity of interventions that prevent or delay fractures highlights severe orthopaedic surgeries, increasing health expenditures and psychosocial losses in the lives of individuals. The project will proceed through three objectives: researching the components that affect the fracture, developing an intervention and implementing it. According to the first aim, it has been seen in the current literature that the most effective method in preventing the risk of fracture is to increase the medication adherence (MA) of the patients. It is seen that the Self-Regulatory Model (SRM)-based studies, in which the components explaining the MA of OP patients are examined as a model, constitute one of the limited theory-based studies. However, the SRM, which stands out as an effective model in explaining MA with its components of "perception of illness" and "beliefs about the medicine", is thought to base the medication use experience only on individual validities. Hence, the concept of MA is also provided by the patient-doctor relationship. Therefore, the effect of patient satisfaction on MA will be discussed in the components of SRM. There are also psychosocial factors that are thought to affect the possible fracture apart from all these diseases and treatment-related components. There are findings that the fear of falling, anxiety and social withdrawal caused by OP increase the risk of a possible fracture. Accordingly, patients' psychological challenges may affect protective behaviours such as exercise and a calcium-rich diet, and smoking. Therefore, it is predicted that the psychological symptom levels of the patients will affect the fracture through health behaviours. Besides, OP can bring along stress just like other chronic diseases, and perhaps even more social support needs can be seen in these patient groups with other chronic diseases. Hence, the moderator effect of social support between the psychological symptom level of OP patients and their stress' constitutes another sub-research question of this study. It is aimed to develop a comprehensive multidisciplinary and evidence-based intervention that prevents possible fracture experiences in OP patients.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
585
Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine
Istanbul, Turkey (Türkiye)
Medication Adherence Report Scale
This scale will be used to assess the medication adherence level of patients. The scale is scored between 5 to 25 points with lower scores indicating higher adherence level.
Time frame: through study completion; approximately 9 months
Fragility Fracture Information Form
The form will be used to assess the fragility fracture experience of participants. There are no cut-off values since this form will give the investigators descriptive information.
Time frame: through study completion; approximately 9 months
Health Behavior Assessment Form
The form will be used to assess the smoking, diet or alcohol consumption of participants. There are no cut-off values since this form will give the investigators descriptive information.
Time frame: through study completion; approximately 9 months
Brief Illness Perception Scale
The scale will be used to assess participants' illness perception and cognition. To score the Brief Illness Perception Scale questionnaire, each item is rated on a 0-10 scale, with higher scores indicating a more threatening perception of the illness. The total score is calculated by summing the scores of all seven items, with a possible range of 0-70. Higher scores indicate worse illness perception.
Time frame: through study completion; approximately 9 months
The Beliefs About the Medicines Scale-Specific
The scale will be used to assess the appraisal of the medicines. The Beliefs About the Medicines Scale-Specific consists of two five-item scales assessing participants' beliefs about the necessity of prescribed medication for controlling their disease and their concerns about potential adverse consequences of taking it. Respondents indicate their degree of agreement with each statement on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree. Scores obtained for individual items within both scales are summed. A mean score for each scale is computed by dividing total scores for that scale by the number of items in the scale, resulting in a mean score range of 1-5 for each scale. Higher scores indicate stronger beliefs in the concepts represented by the scale.
Time frame: through study completion; approximately 9 months
The Short Assessment of Patient Satisfaction
The scale will be used to assess patient satisfaction comprised of a short seven-item scale that has 5-point responses, scored as 0 to 4. The scale assesses the core domains of patient satisfaction which includes treatment satisfaction, explanation of treatment results, clinician care, participation in medical decision-making, respect by the clinician, time with the clinician, and satisfaction with clinic care. The score ranges from 0 (extremely dissatisfied) to 28 (extremely satisfied), as a continuous score. Additionally, categorical scores are defined as 0-10 very dissatisfied, 11-18 dissatisfied, 19-26 satisfied, and 27-28 very satisfied.
Time frame: through study completion; approximately 9 months
Perceived Stress Scale
The scale will be used to assess the stress perception of participants. The scores on the Perceived Stress Scale can range from 0 to 40 with higher scores indicating higher perceived stress. Scores ranging from 0-13 would be considered low stress; scores ranging from 14-26 would be considered moderate stress, and scores ranging from 27-40 would be considered high perceived stress.
Time frame: through study completion; approximately 9 months
Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale
The scale will be used to assess the social support level of participants. The scale is a short instrument designed to measure an individual's perception of support from 3 sources: family, friends and a significant other. To calculate the total score, all 12 items are summed. This total score can also be calculated as a mean score (dividing by 12). A mean scale score ranging from 1 to 2.9 could be considered low support; a score of 3 to 5 could be considered moderate support; a score from 5.1 to 7 could be considered high support.
Time frame: through study completion; approximately 9 months
Brief Symptom Inventory- Depression and Anxiety
The scale is a 13-item self-report scale designed to evaluate the depression and anxiety symptoms levels of participants. This scale uses a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 0 ("not at all") to 4 ("extremely"). Brief Symptom Inventory- Depression and Anxiety scores can range from 0 to 52 points with higher scores indicating higher suffering from depression and anxiety symptoms.
Time frame: through study completion; approximately 9 months
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