Blood Glucose Control Using African Traditional Fermented Foods

Inclusion Criteria: * Clinically diagnosed pre-diabetes (diagnosed less than 6 months ago), defined as HbA1c between 5.7% and 6.4%, * Both male and female prediabetic individuals * Aged between 18 and 65 years * Seeking clinic services at the selected AKU-outreach facilities for at least 3 visits (including seeking services for separate reasons other than pre-diabetes for the purpose of determining affiliation) Exclusion Criteria: * Currently on any of the following: * glucose lowering medication (including insulin therapy) * steroid therapy, * immunosuppressive therapy, * medication for gastric disease, * warfarin or other coumarin derivates, * Vitamin C or E, Iron or B12 * erythropoietin * antiretrovirals * ribavirin * dapsone * Chronic use (defined as consumption of more than 3 months) of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or aspirin * Individuals that have consumed antibiotics in the last month. * Individuals that regularly consume fermented foods or took nutritional supplements including probiotics during the 3 months prior to screening. Regular consumption shall be defined as consuming at least 250ml of fermented foods on six days in a week. * Individuals who at the time of enrolment are smokers, regularly consume alcohol (defined as having had at least 12 drinks in the past year but 3 drinks or fewer per week, on average over the past year) or are suffering from drug addiction including chronic opiate use. * Individuals with a history of gastrointestinal surgery (gastrectomy, bariatric surgery, or colostomy), splenectomy or gastrointestinal malignancy. * Individuals known to be: * HIV+ve, * suffering from blood disorders such as Reticulocytosis or any form of Anaemia (including Iron deficiency, B12 Deficiency) or Haemoglobinopathies. * Pregnant or lactating, * with serious organic or metabolic conditions \[such as malignant disease, pancreatitis, endocarditis, liver, or severe kidney disease (serum creatinine level above the normal range or macroalbuminuria including chronic renal failure), severe pulmonary or heart disease\], splenomegaly, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertriglyceridemia, in a terminal stage of illness, or experiencing acute or severe episodes of mental illness at the time of enrolment. * Individuals with allergies to dairy or cereal products such as millet.