The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of the CPAP treatment on oral frailty and dysphagia among OSA patients.
The research will be divided into three stages. The first stage will investigate the incidence of OSA in patients over 50 years old using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). The second stage will examine the relationships among OSA, oral frailty, and dysphagia through an observational case-control study with 225 OSA patients and 225 controls. The third stage will evaluate the effects of CPAP treatment on oral frailty and dysphagia among moderate-severe OSA persons through a prospective cohort study with repeat four times measurements.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
450
To use CPAP
National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University
Tainan, Taiwan, Taiwan
Baseline_Poor occlusal force
The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.
Time frame: Baseline
Within 1-month_Poor occlusal force
The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.
Time frame: 2 or 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months
3-month_Poor occlusal force
The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.
Time frame: 3 months
6-month_Poor occlusal force
The investigators will determine the total count of natural teeth and fixed dentures among the participants. If the combined number of natural teeth and fixed dentures is below 20, it indicates a reduced occlusal force.
Time frame: 6 months
Baseline_Poor masticatory function
The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.
Time frame: Baseline
Within 1-month_Poor masticatory function
The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: 2 or 4 weeks
3-month_Poor masticatory function
The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.
Time frame: 3 months
6-month_Poor masticatory function
The investigators will utilize a 14-food group questionnaire to evaluate the masticatory function of the participants. If participants select 'difficult to eat' as their response for four items, it indicates a decline in the masticatory function.
Time frame: 6 months
Baseline_Poor tongue-lip motor function
The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.
Time frame: Baseline
Within 1-month_Poor tongue-lip motor function
The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.
Time frame: 2 or 4 weeks
3-month_Poor tongue-lip motor function
The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.
Time frame: 3 months
6-month_Poor tongue-lip motor function
The investigators will assess the oral-diadochokinesis of the participants. Each participant will be instructed to repeat the syllables /pa/, /ta/, and /ka/ for a duration of 5 seconds. If the number of /pa/ syllables produced per second is below 6, it indicates a decline in tongue-lip motor function.
Time frame: 6 months
Baseline_Low tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.
Time frame: Baseline, 2 or 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months
Within 1-month_Low tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.
Time frame: 2 or 4 weeks
3-month_Low tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.
Time frame: 3 months, 6 months
6-month_Low tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to press a balloon attached to their tongue against the anterior palate for several seconds, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 30 kPa, it indicates a decline in tongue pressure.
Time frame: 6 months
Baseline_Low swallowing tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.
Time frame: Baseline
Within 1-month_Low swallowing tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.
Time frame: 2 or 4 weeks
3-month_Low swallowing tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.
Time frame: 3 months
6-month_Low swallowing tongue pressure
The investigators will employ the YBERMEDIC Tongue Depressor, a tongue pressure measuring instrument, to assess the maximum swallowing tongue pressure. Participants will be instructed to swallow their saliva, repeating this process three times. If the maximum tongue pressure is below 15.46 kPa, it indicates a decline in swallowing tongue pressure.
Time frame: 6 months
Baseline_Dysphagia
The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely
Time frame: Baseline
Within 1-month_Dysphagia
The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely
Time frame: 2 or 4 weeks
3-month_Dysphagia
The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely
Time frame: 3 months
6-month_Dysphagia
The investigators will use the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) to evaluate participants' swallowing difficulties. The EAT-10 is a straightforward assessment consisting of 10 questions, each assigned a score ranging from 0 (none) to 4 (severe). If the EAT-10 score is 3 or higher, it indicates that participants may experience challenges in swallowing efficiently and safely
Time frame: 6 months
Baseline_Oral Health status
The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.
Time frame: Baseline
Within 1-month_Oral Health status
The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.
Time frame: 2 or 4 weeks
3-month_Oral Health status
The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.
Time frame: 3 months
6-month_Oral Health status
The Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) is a clinical assessment tool designed for frail older individuals to self-evaluate their oral health status. It encompasses eight categories of oral health, including lips, tongue, gums and oral tissue, natural teeth, dentures, oral cleanliness, saliva secretion, and dental pain. Each category is assessed on a scale of 0 (healthy), 1 (changes), or 2 (unhealthy). The overall scores range from 0 to 16, with a higher OHAT score indicating poorer oral health.
Time frame: 6 months