The primary aim of the present study is to study the effect of adrenaline administration on inflammatory parameters (e.g. leukocyte phenotype, cytokines, inflammatory proteins). Secondary objectives consist of the effect of adrenaline on atherogenic parameters. * All participants will receive intravenous infusion of adrenaline for an hour * We will draw blood at 7 time points, not including screening * Participants will be asked to return for a total of 4 times Researchers will compare 2 groups, healthy individuals versus people with diabetes type 1 to see if the inflammatory reaction to adrenaline differs between these two groups.
Objective: The aim of the present study is to study the effect of increased adrenaline levels on the inflammatory response (e.g. leukocyte phenotype, cytokines, inflammatory proteins) by administering exogenous adrenaline in participants with type 1 diabetes and healthy participants. Potentially eligible adult ( 16 - 75 years) participants will be recruited from the diabetes clinic at the department of internal medicine from the Radboud University Medical Center. Healthy participants will be recruited through social media and other advertisements. We will recruit a total of 30 individuals, i.e. 15 healthy participants and 15 people with type 1 diabetes. Participants with type 1 diabetes will be equipped with a blinded continuous glucose monitoring device (CGM) during the test, which will measure interstitial glucose levels for a total of 10 days. Intervention: All participants will receive intravenous infusion of adrenaline at a rate of 0.04ug/kg/min for 1 hour. We will draw blood at baseline, 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 180 minutes, 24 hours 72 hours and a week after start of infusion. The blood samples will be used for phenotyping of the innate immune system and measuring inflammatory and atherogenic parameters. Throughout the infusion, vital parameters will be monitored.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
30
Adrenaline infusion at a rate of 0.04ug/kg/min for 1 hour administered intravenously.
Radboud UMC
Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands
Monocyte count
The amount of monocytes following 60 minutes of adrenaline infusion compared to baseline to asses the adrenaline effect on the inflammatory response.
Time frame: Change from baseline compared to after 1 hour
Leukocyte count
Measurement of the amount of leukocytes
Time frame: Change from baseline at day 30, 60 and 180 minutes 1, day 3 and day 7 after adrenaline infusion
Leukocyte phenotype
Measuring several phenotypes by using a pre-defined panel of interest with flow-cytometry ( e.g. NK-cells, granulocytes)
Time frame: Change from baseline at day 30, 60 and 180 minutes 1, day 3 and day 7 after adrenaline infusion
Pro-inflammatory proteins
Pro-inflammatory proteins using Olink Proteomics AB inflammation panel with 92 circulating inflammatory proteins ( e.g. EN-rage, FIT3L)
Time frame: Change from baseline at day 30, 60 and 180 minutes 1, day 3 and day 7 after adrenaline infusion
Inflammation plasma parameters
Inflammatory plasma protein using ELISA, ( e.g high sensitive-crp)
Time frame: Change from baseline at 30, 60 and 180 minutes day 1, day 3 and day 7 after adrenaline infusion
Atherogenic parameters
Atherogenic parameters using ELISA method including but not limited to, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-Selectin, P-selectin, PAI-1, Plasma Endothelin
Time frame: Change from baseline at 30, 60 and 180 minutes day 1, day 3 and day 7 after adrenaline infusion
Insulin
Plasma levels of insulin
Time frame: Change from baseline at, 60 and 180 minutes
Adrenaline
Plasma levels of adrenaline
Time frame: Change from baseline at 30, 60 and 180 minutes
Noradrenaline
Plasma levels of noradrenaline
Time frame: Change from baseline at 30, 60 and 180 minutes
Glucose variability
Glucose variability measured by the blinded continuous glucose monitor including but not limited to, measuring time within range, amount of hypoglycaemic events, amount of hyperglycaemic events.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Ex vivo cytokines
Ex vivo production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines after ex vivo stimulation of isolated monocytes, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-1β.
Time frame: Change from baseline at 30, 60 and 180 minutes, day 1, day 3 and day 7 after adrenaline infusion
Distribution of monocyte subset
Distribution of pro- and anti-inflammatory monocyte subsets using FACS (Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting)
Time frame: Change from baseline at 30, 60 and 180 minutes, day 1, day 3 and day 7 after adrenaline infusion
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