The goal of the ScreenUrSelf trial is to increase cervical cancer screening attendance and compliance to follow-up by offering a first-void urine self-sampling alternative to women who are currently not participating in the organized cervical cancer screening program (defined in this project as un(der)-screened women), either on the woman or her physician's personal initiative, or by responding on the invitation letter.
Patient: In this population-based study we target real un(der)-screened women, i.e., women (31-64y) eligible for the Flemish population-based cervical cancer screening program without any cytology/histology/pathological result retrieved from the Belgian Cancer Registry (BCR) for at least the last six years (i.e., two screening rounds). Women who opted out of the screening program, who are pregnant (self-reported), underwent total hysterectomy, have (had) cervical or uterine cancer, or are included in other Centre for Cancer Detection (CvKO) pilot projects are not eligible. Intervention: The proposed randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be embedded in the Flemish organized cervical cancer screening program, which is coordinated by CvKO under governance of the Flemish government. The goal is to reach women who are eligible but do not participate in cervical cancer screening, by offering two self-sampling methods (first-void urine and vaginal) in an opt-in and -out strategy (total of four interventions) to collect samples for primary high-risk (hr) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) testing, and if positive, reflex 1) cytology on a Pap smear (standard of care) and 2) methylation marker triage (index test). Comparison: The two control arms include 1) no intervention; and 2) sending (recall) invitation letters to women, inviting them to make an appointment for a Pap smear (i.e., current practise within the organized cervical cancer screening program in Flanders). Primary outcome: The primary outcome is the actual response rate, i.e., proportions of women that participate in each intervention and in the control arms at 12 months after initiation of the intervention (the intervention being one of six study arms). Response in this project is defined as having a preventive cervical screen exam, either by a self-sample or by a physician-taken Pap smear, at 12 months after initiation of the intervention.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
48,000
Women will self-collect a first-void urine sample at home upon receipt of the study package using the Colli-Pee Small Volumes (10 mL) device (Novosanis, Belgium). The collector tube is prefilled with a preservative (UCM, Novosanis, Belgium). Women will send the collector vial containing first-void urine along with the informed consent form to the laboratory at University of Antwerp using the prestamped envelope.
Women will self-collect a vaginal sample at home upon receipt of the study package using the Evalyn Brush device (Rovers Medical Devices, The Netherlands). Women will send the used brush along with the informed consent form to the laboratory at University of Antwerp using the prestamped envelope.
Universiteit Antwerpen
Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
Response rate
Proportions of women that participate in each intervention (measured by PP\* and ITT\*) and in the control arms (measured by Pap smears taken) within 10 months after the intervention. \*PP: participation in intervention arm measured by self-sample analyses only \*\*ITT: participation in intervention arm measured by self-sample analyses or Pap smears taken
Time frame: 10 months (until 31/03/2024)
Compliance
1. Compliance to a hrHPV positive result on a self-sample measured by standard of care follow-up, i.e., a Pap smear taken by a clinician. 2. Compliance to an abnormal Pap smear measured by standard of care follow-up.
Time frame: 19 months (until 31/12/2024)
Preference
Preference and attitudes of women between intervention arms (measured via a questionnaire)
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Age-related differences in response rate
Age-related differences in response rates within and between different study arms Response rates: Proportions of women that participate in each intervention (measured by PP\* and ITT\*) and in the control arms (measured by Pap smears taken) within 10 months after the intervention. \*PP: participation in intervention arm measured by self-sample analyses only \*\*ITT: participation in intervention arm measured by self-sample analyses or Pap smears taken
Time frame: 10 months (until 31/03/2024)
Socio-economic status-related differences differences in response rate
Socio-economic status-related differences in response rates within and between different study arms Response rates: Proportions of women that participate in each intervention (measured by PP\* and ITT\*) and in the control arms (measured by Pap smears taken) within 10 months after the intervention. \*PP: participation in intervention arm measured by self-sample analyses only \*\*ITT: participation in intervention arm measured by self-sample analyses or Pap smears taken
Time frame: 10 months (until 31/03/2024)
Clinical accuracy of HPV assay
Test-positivity, positive predictive value, referral rate to colposcopy, and detection rate of CIN2+ of a hrHPV positive result on a self-sample in un(der)-screened women; absolute measures in each arm and ratios of measures between arms. Test-positivity, positive predictive value, referral rate to colposcopy, and detection rate of CIN2+ will be combined to report clinical accuracy.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Clinical accuracy of methylation assay
Test-positivity, positive predictive value, referral rate to colposcopy, and detection rate CIN2+ of a methylation-based reflex test (index test) to triage hrHPV positive self-sample in un(der)screened women, compared to reflex cytology on a Pap smear (comparator test); absolute measures in each arm and ratios of measures between arms. Test-positivity, positive predictive value, referral rate to colposcopy, and detection rate of CIN2+ will be combined to report clinical accuracy.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Cost-effectiveness
1. Differences in time needed per women to obtain a test result between study arms 2. Differences in costs per women between the different study arms 3. Differences in total cost between the different study arms The above differences in time and costs will be combined to report cost-effectiveness.
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
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