The goal of the clinical trial is to test whether a mental health program that is delivered through the Internet works well for children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) and their healthy siblings. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does the program improve the mental health such as depression and anxiety symptoms? * Does the program improve overall quality of life? * Does the program improve self-efficacy - an individual's belief in their ability to complete tasks to achieve their goals? Participants will: * Fill out an online survey asking questions about their personal and health information, as well as their mental health before the program * Complete the online mental health program * Fill out an online survey asking questions about their mental health after completing the program, and 1-month and 3-months following completing the program Participants be compared against another group of children with CF and their healthy siblings who are on a waitlist and receiving usual CF treatment. Researchers will compare participants scores before starting the program with their scores immediately following completing the program, 1-month, and 3-month after completing the program. Researchers hope to develop a program that improves mental health, quality of life, self-efficacy, and knowledge about CF.
BACKGROUND: Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and family members have been shown to experience elevated psychological symptoms, such as depression and anxiety. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in the care of people living with CF, including major steps toward assessing and promoting emotional wellness. Despite these advances, there has been no specific mental health program designed for families with CF in Canada until recently. To address the limitations of traditionally delivered mental health programs and lack of developed Internet-delivered mental health programs for children with CF and their siblings, the investigators created the self-guided Internet-delivered Cystic Fibrosis Mental Health Prevention, Wellness, and Resource (iCF-PWR) program for children with CF and their child siblings. The program was designed with a stepped-care model in mind, whereby all children with CF and their child siblings could access and benefit from this preventative program (i.e., least resource intensive intervention). If a child was in need of more intensive services prior to or following iCF-PWR completion, then services could be accessed through regular avenues (i.e., CF team, local outpatient/inpatient public mental health services, or private practice). The self-guided iCF-PWR program was informed by those with lived experiences with CF, the empirical literature \[i.e., CF, mental health disorders in childhood and adolescence with chronic illnesses, universal mental health prevention in children and adolescence, stepped care, and team expertise. Individual contributions from specific children with CF and child siblings directed the development of individual program avatars and provided the personal stories and experiences embedded in the program modules. Preliminary evidence suggests that the program is deemed acceptable. However, to date the efficacy of the iCF-PWR is unknown. PARTICIPANTS: G\*Power 3.1 was used to calculate the study sample size based upon on our primary analyses (i.e., mixed model analysis of variance ANOVA\]). Assuming 80% power, an alpha of 0.05, and effect size of 0.25 (small to medium effect), a sample size of at least 24 participants in each group would be needed. The investigators aim to recruit 30 participants per group to address attrition. 60 children (ages 8 to 12 years) with CF and 60 child siblings (ages 8 to 12 years) will be recruited from the CF clinics and CF Chapters, CF advocacy groups, advocacy groups for pediatric chronic illness across Canada in a 1-year prospective study. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the iCF-PWR group or the standard care group. The investigators will seek to have equal representation of gender across both groups. Following the proposed maximum program completion time-frame (i.e., 6 weeks) and follow-up time period (i.e., 3 months), those in the standard care groups will be provided access to iCF-PWR. HYPOTHESES: 1. The iCF-PWR group will have significant reductions in self-reported anxiety symptoms from pre- to post-program and at follow-up time points compared to the standard care group. 2. The iCF-PWR group will have significant reductions in self-reported depressive symptoms from pre- to post-program and at follow-up time points compared to the standard care group. 3. The iCF-PWR group will have significant reductions in self-reported health anxiety from pre- to post-program and at follow-up time points compared to the standard care group. 4. The iCF-PWR group will have significant improvements in self-reported quality of life from pre- to post-program and at follow-up time points compared to the standard care group. 5. The iCF-PWR group will have significant improvements in self-reported self-efficacy from pre- to post-program and at follow-up time points compared to the standard care group. METHODS/PROCEDURES: Parent/guardian will be provided an overview of procedure in initial email. Via Qualtrics (i.e., online survey platform) (1) parent/guardian will be asked to complete consent form/facilitate the endorsement of assent form with child and complete and complete a short personal/health demographics questionnaire about themselves and their child, and (2) their child will be asked to complete a series of self-report questionnaires assessing anxiety, depression, health anxiety, quality of life, self-efficacy, and disease knowledge (pre-program measurement). The parent caregiver will help facilitate the child's completion of questionnaires. Parent will be asked to complete measures of parent-rated child anxiety and depression. This will take 5 minutes. Via email, child and parent/guardian will be provided a link to complete these measures once the program is completed (post-program measurement) and at two follow-up time points (1 month and 3 months post-program). Measure of satisfaction will be completed by child at post-program as well. Measures will take approximately 30 to 40 minutes to complete at each time-point. Similar time-points for measure completion will be used for both study groups (i.e., iCF-PWR and standard care groups). However, the satisfaction questionnaire will not be completed by standard care group. Parents are encouraged to review the program along with their child and then children are encouraged to complete the program at least 1 additional time, with an overall program completion ranging from 3 to 6 weeks. Children can review the program as many times as they would like. Once enrolled, parent caregiver will be provided with a username/password. Parents/participants will be instructed to keep their username/password private. They will also be encouraged to access the program in a private area, preferably in their own homes. A contact e-mail will be given for technical support and instructions on how to operate the site. All contact with the parents/participants will be via e-mail during program, although a phone number will also be provided. Inquiries via email and telephone will be fielded by study coordinator. A reminder e-mail will be sent to parents if child has not logged onto the program at least 1x/week. ANALYSES: Statistical analyses will be performed using IBM SPSS Statistics-Version 26. Demographic data will be summarized as means and standard deviations for continuous data and frequencies for categorical data. Preliminary analyses will explore the potential impact of demographic variables (e.g., age, gender) on primary and secondary outcome variables. If demographic variables have a statistically significant impact on outcome measures, those variables will be included as covariate(s) in primary and secondary analyses. An intention-to-treat (ITT) design will be employed for all primary and secondary analyses. Primary analyses will be three 2 (group: iCF-PWR vs standard care) x 4 (time of assessment: pre-program vs. post-program vs. 1 month follow-up vs. 3 months follow-up) multi-level modeling (equivalent to mixed- model ANOVAs) to examine the effect of the intervention on the primary outcome measures (i.e., anxiety, depression, health anxiety). Secondary analyses will be two 2 (group: iCF-PWR vs standard care) x 4 (time of assessment: pre-program vs post-program vs 1 month follow-up vs 3 months follow-up) multilevel modeling to examine the effect of the intervention on the secondary outcome measures (i.e., quality of life, self-efficacy).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
120
The iCF-PWR program is a self-guided mental health prevention program designed for families with CF. Upon logging on to the iCF-PWR, the viewer will see two paths (i.e., child with CF or sibling) and will be encouraged by program narrator to choose the appropriate path. Each pathway (i.e., child with CF or sibling) is comprised of five text/voice-delivered, animated, interactive modules: (1) CF education, (2) CF health, (3) emotions and CF, (4) cognitive behaviour model of emotions, and (5) coping strategies. Each module takes 15-20 minutes to complete.
BC Children's Hospital
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Saskatchewan Health Authority
Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
Change from Baseline in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C) at Week 3-6
The STAI-C measures general anxiety in children on a continuous scale with items being rated on a 3-point Likert scale reflecting the frequency of anxiety symptom. Total scores can range from a minimum score of 20 to a maximum score of 60.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 3-6 (post-intervention)
Change from Baseline in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C) at 1 Month
The STAI-C measures general anxiety in children on a continuous scale with items being rated on a 3-point Likert scale reflecting the frequency of anxiety symptom. Total scores can range from a minimum score of 20 to a maximum score of 60.
Time frame: Baseline and 1-month follow up
Change from Baseline in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C) at 3 Months
The STAI-C measures general anxiety in children on a continuous scale with items being rated on a 3-point Likert scale reflecting the frequency of anxiety symptom. Total scores can range from a minimum score of 20 to a maximum score of 60.
Time frame: Baseline and 3-months follow up
Change from Baseline in the Children's Depression Inventory-2 (CDI-2) at Week 3-6
The CDI-2 measures cognitive, affective, and behavioural symptoms of depression in children and adolescents on a continuous scale. Each item is rated on a 3-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (absence of symptom) to 2 (definite symptom). Total raw scores are converted into T-scores with a score of 65 being indicative clinically significant depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 3-6 (post-intervention)
Change from Baseline in the Children's Depression Inventory-2 (CDI-2) at 1 month
The CDI-2 measures cognitive, affective, and behavioural symptoms of depression in children and adolescents on a continuous scale. Each item is rated on a 3-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (absence of symptom) to 2 (definite symptom). Total raw scores are converted into T-scores with a score of 65 being indicative clinically significant depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline and 1-month follow up
Change from Baseline in the Children's Depression Inventory-2 (CDI-2) at 3 months
The CDI-2 measures cognitive, affective, and behavioural symptoms of depression in children and adolescents on a continuous scale. Each item is rated on a 3-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (absence of symptom) to 2 (definite symptom). Total raw scores are converted into T-scores with a score of 65 being indicative clinically significant depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline and 3-months follow up
Change from Baseline in the Childhood Illness Attitudes Scale (CIAS) at Week 3-6
The CIAS assesses fears, beliefs, and attitudes that are associated with health anxiety and abnormal illness behaviour in school children on a continuous scale. Items are rated on a 3-point Likert scale with total scores range from 29 to 87 with higher scores reflecting higher levels of health anxiety associated behaviours.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 3-6 (post-intervention)
Change from Baseline in the Childhood Illness Attitudes Scale (CIAS) at 1 month
The CIAS assesses fears, beliefs, and attitudes that are associated with health anxiety and abnormal illness behaviour in school children on a continuous scale. Items are rated on a 3-point Likert scale with total scores range from 29 to 87 with higher scores reflecting higher levels of health anxiety associated behaviours.
Time frame: Baseline and 1-month follow up
Change from Baseline in the Childhood Illness Attitudes Scale (CIAS) at 3 months
The CIAS assesses fears, beliefs, and attitudes that are associated with health anxiety and abnormal illness behaviour in school children on a continuous scale. Items are rated on a 3-point Likert scale with total scores range from 29 to 87 with higher scores reflecting higher levels of health anxiety associated behaviours.
Time frame: Baseline and 3-months follow up
Change from Baseline in the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL-4.0) at Week 3-6
The PedsQL-4.0 measures health-related quality of life in healthy and acute and chronically ill children and adolescents on a continuous scale. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). The PedsQL-4.0 is comprised of four generic core scales that encompass physical functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning, and school functioning.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 3-6 (post-intervention)
Change from Baseline in the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL-4.0) at 1 month
The PedsQL-4.0 measures health-related quality of life in healthy and acute and chronically ill children and adolescents on a continuous scale. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). The PedsQL-4.0 is comprised of four generic core scales that encompass physical functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning, and school functioning.
Time frame: Baseline and 1-month follow up
Change from Baseline in the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL-4.0) at 3 months
The PedsQL-4.0 measures health-related quality of life in healthy and acute and chronically ill children and adolescents on a continuous scale. Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (almost always). The PedsQL-4.0 is comprised of four generic core scales that encompass physical functioning, emotional functioning, social functioning, and school functioning.
Time frame: Baseline and 3-months follow up
Change from Baseline in the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-2) at Week 3-6
The SEQ-C is a 21 item measures designed to assess children's perceptions of their social self-efficacy (ability to relate and get along with other peers), emotional self-efficacy (ability to regulate unpleasant emotions), and academic self-efficacy (ability to succeed in school and display appropriate learning behaviors). The three subscales each contain seven items in which participants rate their competence level on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not at all to 5 = very well). Scores are summed to yield a measure of self-efficacy for each domain.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 3-6 (post-intervention)
Change from Baseline in the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-2) at 1 Month
The SEQ-C is a 21 item measures designed to assess children's perceptions of their social self-efficacy (ability to relate and get along with other peers), emotional self-efficacy (ability to regulate unpleasant emotions), and academic self-efficacy (ability to succeed in school and display appropriate learning behaviors). The three subscales each contain seven items in which participants rate their competence level on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not at all to 5 = very well). Scores are summed to yield a measure of self-efficacy for each domain.
Time frame: Baseline and 1-month follow up
Change from Baseline in the Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (SEQ-2) at 3 Months
The SEQ-C is a 21 item measures designed to assess children's perceptions of their social self-efficacy (ability to relate and get along with other peers), emotional self-efficacy (ability to regulate unpleasant emotions), and academic self-efficacy (ability to succeed in school and display appropriate learning behaviors). The three subscales each contain seven items in which participants rate their competence level on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = not at all to 5 = very well). Scores are summed to yield a measure of self-efficacy for each domain.
Time frame: Baseline and 3-months follow up
Change from Baseline in the Disease Knowledge Questionnaire at Week 3-6
The measure was constructed to assess CF disease knowledge as it related to the iCF-PWR content. It is comprised of 13 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). Higher scores indicate greater CF disease knowledge.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 3-6 (post-intervention)
Change from Baseline in the Disease Knowledge Questionnaire at 1 Month
The measure was constructed to assess CF disease knowledge as it related to the iCF-PWR content. It is comprised of 13 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). Higher scores indicate greater CF disease knowledge.
Time frame: Baseline and 1-month follow up
Change from Baseline in the Disease Knowledge Questionnaire at 3 Months
The measure was constructed to assess CF disease knowledge as it related to the iCF-PWR content. It is comprised of 13 items rated on a 7-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 7 = strongly agree). Higher scores indicate greater CF disease knowledge.
Time frame: Baseline and 3-months follow up
Participants Qualitative Perception of Program Satisfaction at Week 3-6
Six qualitative questions designed to assess participants perception of satisfaction with the iCF-PWR program. The questions directly address perceived strengths, likability, and areas of improvement for the program. Participant responses are qualitative in nature.
Time frame: Week 3-6 (post-intervention)
Change from Baseline in the Children's Depression Inventory-2 - Parent Report (CDI-2 P) at Week 3-6
The CDI-2 P assesses a parent's observation of their child's or adolescent's cognitive, affective, and behavioural symptoms of depression. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 2 (much or most of the time). Total raw scores are converted into T-scores with a score of 65 being indicative clinically significant depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 3-6 (post-intervention)
Change from Baseline in the Children's Depression Inventory-2 - Parent Report (CDI-2 P) at 1 Month
The CDI-2 P assesses a parent's observation of their child's or adolescent's cognitive, affective, and behavioural symptoms of depression. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 2 (much or most of the time). Total raw scores are converted into T-scores with a score of 65 being indicative clinically significant depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline and 1-month follow up
Change from Baseline in the Children's Depression Inventory-2 - Parent Report (CDI-2 P) at 3 Months
The CDI-2 P assesses a parent's observation of their child's or adolescent's cognitive, affective, and behavioural symptoms of depression. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 2 (much or most of the time). Total raw scores are converted into T-scores with a score of 65 being indicative clinically significant depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Baseline and 3-months follow up
Change from Baseline in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Parent Version (STAI-P) at Week 3-6
The STAI-P assesses state anxiety (i.e., at this present moment) in school children with and without physical symptoms. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale reflecting the frequency the anxiety symptom occurs (1 = not at all; 2 = sometimes; 3 = moderately; 4 = very much so). Total scores for the subscales can range from a minimum score of 20 to a maximum score of 80.
Time frame: Baseline and Week 3-6 (post-intervention)
Change from Baseline in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Parent Version (STAI-P) at 1 Month
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The STAI-P assesses state anxiety (i.e., at this present moment) in school children with and without physical symptoms. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale reflecting the frequency the anxiety symptom occurs (1 = not at all; 2 = sometimes; 3 = moderately; 4 = very much so). Total scores for the subscales can range from a minimum score of 20 to a maximum score of 80.
Time frame: Baseline and 1-month follow up
Change from Baseline in the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory - Parent Version (STAI-P) at 3 Months
The STAI-P assesses state anxiety (i.e., at this present moment) in school children with and without physical symptoms. Items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale reflecting the frequency the anxiety symptom occurs (1 = not at all; 2 = sometimes; 3 = moderately; 4 = very much so). Total scores for the subscales can range from a minimum score of 20 to a maximum score of 80.
Time frame: Baseline and 3-months follow up