Using Urine Samples to Identify Lung Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Phase I (with NSCLC): Aged 18 to 90 years with histologically proven, previously untreated stage I, II, or IIIA NSCLC °Note: Single, monolateral nodule of at least 50% solid composition visible on a Chest CT scan that is suspicious for a primary neoplasm as confirmed by an official MSK radiologist read * Phase I (without NSCLC): Aged 18 to 90 years with patient confirmed absence of NSCLC * Phase II: Aged 18 to 90 years with suspected but undiagnosed stage I, II, or IIIA NSCLC by CT and/or PET scan criteria Exclusion Criteria: * Aged \<18 years * Lack of available results from low-dose CT * Receipt of radiation, chemotherapy, biological therapy, resection, or any other treatment for any cancer in the previous year * Pregnant (for women) * Taking drugs that affect the immune system * Chronic disease related to the immune system * Missing clinical data (i.e., current clinical staging)