The goal of this observational study is to investigate the proportion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection in school contacts of active tuberculosis (ATB) patients. The main questions it aims to answer are: * the proportion of MTB infection among school contacts of ATB patients * risk factors related to tuberculosis (TB) infection * health economic evaluation of screening strategy
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
31,440
Participants will be tested by QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) test to see if they have ever infected by MTB. Those with positive results will proceed to sputum Xpert MTB/RIF, physical examination and chest CT scan, as well as sputum culture if necessary to distinguish latent TB infection (LTBI) from ATB. X-ray scan is conditional on age above 15 years with a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) test result.
The prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) infection in school contacts
The prevalence of TB infection is defined as the number of participants with positive results in QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) test in study population. Positive result in QFT test indicates higher response than the cut-off value of 0.35 IU / ml of INF-γ detected in at least one test tube (TB1 or TB2).
Time frame: baseline
Age
Age as possible risk factor of tuberculosis infection
Time frame: baseline
Sex
Sex as possible risk factor of tuberculosis infection.
Time frame: baseline
Vaccination history checklist
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination history as possible risk factor of tuberculosis infection.
Time frame: baseline
Patterns of contacting checklist
Duration, size of space of exposure to active tuberculosis-infected patient; as possible risk factor of tuberculosis infection.
Time frame: baseline
Co-morbidities / medical history checklist
Co-morbidities / medical history \[cardiovascular disease, bronchial asthma, digestive ulcer, nephritic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, epilepsy, schizophrenia, depression, HIV infection, glucocorticoid use, biologic agent use, immunosuppressive agent use, or other relevant co-morbidities / medical history\]; as possible risk factor of tuberculosis infection.
Time frame: baseline
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