In this study, the effect of infant odor and visual stimulus program applied to mothers who had delivered by cesarean section and whose babies were taken to the NICU on cortical and breast oxygenation (rSO2), amount of breast milk and mother-infant bonding was investigated.
One of the conditions that prevent the preterm baby from being close to the mother in the early period is cesarean delivery and subsequent removal to the NICU. In the first hour of life, the process immediately after birth, when the newborn is alert, makes eye contact, focuses, finds the unaided mother's breast and begins to feed, deteriorates in babies in need of intensive care and mothers begin the experience of parenting with delayed attachment. The mother experiences high levels of stress due to changes in many parental roles such as being physically separated from her baby, not being able to breastfeed effectively, not being able to care for her baby and the intensive care environment, and experiencing a delay in lactation with the effect of cesarean delivery. In the literature, many interventions have been implemented to reduce the negative effects of mother-infant separation on lactation and attachment in mothers who have given birth by cesarean section. However, there is no published research examining the effect of infant odor and visual stimulus program applied to mothers who had delivered by cesarean section and whose babies were taken to the NICU on cortical and breast oxygenation (rSO2), amount of breast milk and mother-infant bonding. In addition, being able to assess how the mother's cortical and breast oxygenation changes while smelling her baby's scent and watching her/his video will further strengthen the results of the measurement tools.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
54
Olfactory stimulation: Mothers will be made to smell their babies' odor.
Mothers will be shown video images of their babies.
Selcuk University
Konya, Selcuklu, Turkey (Türkiye)
Cortical and Breast Oxygenation Follow-up Parameter
Form; was created by the researcher in accordance with the literature to record cortical and breast oxygenation (Tanimoto et al., 2011; Schafer et al., 2019). NIRS measurement range was accepted as 15-95 for breast and cortical oxygenation. In the study of Tanimoto et al. (2011), the average of the measurement periods of 30 seconds was taken as the initial value; A 5-minute chart has been generated. Similarly in our study; The initial rSO2 value for both cortical and breast will be recorded, and the average rSO2 value for each block will be recorded during 30 seconds of intervention (smell, odor + visual stimulus, control) repeated 3 times. The form contains two charts with 4 cortical and breast rSO2 recordings for the measurement to be made at two different times (12th and 24th hour of birth)
Time frame: First measurement- At 12th hour of the postpartum period.
Cortical and Breast Oxygenation Follow-up Parameter
Form; was created by the researcher in accordance with the literature to record cortical and breast oxygenation (Tanimoto et al., 2011; Schafer et al., 2019). NIRS measurement range was accepted as 15-95 for breast and cortical oxygenation. In the study of Tanimoto et al. (2011), the average of the measurement periods of 30 seconds was taken as the initial value; A 5-minute chart has been generated. Similarly in our study; The initial rSO2 value for both cortical and breast will be recorded, and the average rSO2 value for each block will be recorded during 30 seconds of intervention (smell, odor + visual stimulus, control) repeated 3 times. The form contains two charts with 4 cortical and breast rSO2 recordings for the measurement to be made at two different times (12th and 24th hour of birth)
Time frame: Second measurement- At 24th hour of the postpartum period.
Milk Amount Follow-up Form
It was created by the researcher in line with the literature (Turhan, 2020). The form will record the amount of initial milking, the total amount of milk up to the 12th hour, and the amount of oral fluid intake, the total amount of milk between the 12th-24th hour onwards, and the amount of oral fluid intake.
Time frame: First measurement- At 12th hour of the postpartum period.
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Milk Amount Follow-up Form
It was created by the researcher in line with the literature (Turhan, 2020). The form will record the amount of initial milking, the total amount of milk up to the 12th hour, and the amount of oral fluid intake, the total amount of milk between the 12th-24th hour onwards, and the amount of oral fluid intake.
Time frame: Second measurement- At 24th hour of the postpartum period.
Mother to Infant Bonding Scale
The "Mother to Infant Bonding Scale" tool developed by Taylor et al., (2005) was adapted into Turkish by Karakulak Aydemir and Alparslan, (2016). The scale, which is arranged in such a way that it can be applied from the first day after birth and allows the mother to express her feelings towards her baby with a single word, consists of 8 items and is in the form of 4 likerts. The score range of the scale is between 0-24. A high score indicates low bonding.
Time frame: First measurement- Within 1 hour of the postpartum period.
Mother to Infant Bonding Scale
The "Mother to Infant Bonding Scale" tool developed by Taylor et al., (2005) was adapted into Turkish by Karakulak Aydemir and Alparslan, (2016). The scale, which is arranged in such a way that it can be applied from the first day after birth and allows the mother to express her feelings towards her baby with a single word, consists of 8 items and is in the form of 4 likerts. The score range of the scale is between 0-24. A high score indicates low bonding.
Time frame: Second measurement- At 24th hour of the postpartum period.
Mother and Infant Information Tool
According to the literature (Tanimoto et al., 2011; Croy et al., 2019; Schafer et al., 2020) consists of questions compiled by the researcher including the demographic characteristics of the mother (age, educational status) obstetric and clinical characteristics (pregnancy planning status, anesthesia method), characteristics of the baby (gender, gestational week, birth weight, medical diagnosis, nutrition type).
Time frame: First measurement- Within 1 hour of the postpartum period.